Foundation Course 8 A Flashcards by Jimmy Goddard

Infinitive

To wait / To await / To hope / To expect

Esperar

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

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The Indicative Present

Why doesn’t he wait ?

Por qué no el espera ?

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.

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Indicative Present Tense

We wait for you

Te / Le esperamos

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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Imperative / Command Tense

Wait !

Espere !

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )

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Indicative Present Tense

He hopes

El espera

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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Indicative Present Tense

They wait for me

Me esperan

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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Indicative Present Tense

I wait / I hope / I expect

( Yo ) espero

—— Prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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Indicative Present Tense

He waits for you

El te / le espera

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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Indicative Present Tense

We wait for you

( Nosotros ) te / le esperamos

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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Direct Object Pronouns

Nos

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Indicative Present Tense

I wait for you

Te / Le espero

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

(never use para usted)

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Indicative Present Tense

Why do they wait ?

Por qué esperan ?

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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I want to find out

Quiero informarme

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( i want to inform myself )

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I want to find out where it is

Quiero informarme dónde está

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( I want to inform myself where it is )

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Indicative Present Tense

I wait / I await / I hope / I expect

( Yo ) espero

—— Prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

How well did you know this?

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Indicative Present Tense

Why does she wait ?

Por qué ella espera ?

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

How well did you know this?

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Imperative / Command Tense

Wait a second!

Espere momentito

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

( wait a moment )

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Indicative Present Tense

Why doesn’t he wait for me ?

Por qué el no me espera ?

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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The Indicative Present

I wait for you / I await you / I hope you … / I expect you …

Te / Le espero

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present

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Indicative Present Tense

He waits / He hopes / He expects

El espera

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

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The Indicative Present Tense

Why do you wait for me ?

Por qué me esperas ?

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

—— Grammer ——

The Indicative Present Tense

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We wait ( or we hope or we expect )

Esperamos

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )

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wait for me here

espéreme aquí

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )

How well did you know this?

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Indicative Present Tense

Shall we wait for you ?

Te / Le esperamos ?

—— prompts ——

if I go backwards and prompts are needed

( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )

How well did you know this?

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**The Indicative Present Tense** We wait

Esperamos —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed **The Indicative Present Tense** The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, "espero", meaning "I wait". In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as "El Presente".

**Let's** wait here | (switch tracks to the imperative)

Esper**e**mos aquí —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed ( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )

**Indicative Present Tense** We buy it

Lo compramos —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

**Indicative ( Simple ) Present Tense** We're not buying it

No lo compramos —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

**Imperative / Command Tense** **Let's** not buy it

No lo compr**e**mos —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

**Indicative Present Continuous Tense** We're selling it

Lo estamos vendiendo —— PROMPTS —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed —— GRAMMER —— **Indicative Present Continuous Tense** The Indicative Present Continuous is used to talk about something that is happening continuously or right now. For example, "estoy esperando", meaning "I am waiting". This is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb.

**let's** sell the house

vend**a**mos la casa —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed ( vender : vending machines sell stuff )

**Indicative Present Tense** Don't wait for me

No me esperes —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed —— Grammer —— **The Indicative Present** The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, "espero", meaning "I wait". In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as "El Presente".

Wait for me!

Espéreme ! —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed ( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )

**Compound Present Perfect Tense** I have waited

He esperado —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed ( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )

I **have** left

he salido —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

**Indicative Present Continuous Tense** I'm wait**ing**

Estoy esper**ando** —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

**Indicative Present Tense** I wait for you

Te / El espero —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed ( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )

**Indicative Present Continuous Tense** I'm wait**ing** for you | (right now)

Te / Le estoy esperando —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

**Indicative Present Tense** I do it / I make it

Lo hago —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

**Indicative Present Tense** I do it

Lo hago —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

I **was** wait**ing** (**wing**-tense; imperfect past tense) {can also mean a broken line: I **used to** wait / I waited **all the time**}

esper**aba** (for **ar** verbs, add **aba**; applies for I/he/she/you)

I **was** speak**ing**

Yo hablaba —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

I used to buy it I **was** buy**ing** it

Yo lo compraba —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

I was preparing it I prepared it ( same phrase )

Yo lo preparaba

I **was** leav**ing** | (wing-tense; imperfect past tense)

sal**ía** (for **er** / **ir** verbs, add **ía**; applies for I/he/she/you)

I **was** eat**ing**

com**ía**

I **was** do**ing** it

lo hacía

**IMPERFECT SIMPLE PAST TENSES** *THESE ARE IMPERFECT SIMPLE PAST TENSES NOT COMPOUND OR PRETERITE SIMPLE PAST TENSES* i will cover those later *there is also the compound past continuous tense using estar + gerund and the compound past perfect progressive tense using haber in the imperfect tense + past participle of estar + gerund* i will cover those later ————————— I **was** sell**ing** it ( imperfect *past* tense, or simply imperfect tense ) or ( imperfect progressive tense ) or ( continuous past tense ) or ( past progressive ) I used to sell it ( imperfect *past* tense, or simply imperfect tense ) ( **THE SAME PHRASE** ) ————————— *The imperfect is a verb form that combines past tense and imperfective aspect. It can have meanings similar to the English "was walking" or "used to walk". It contrasts with preterite forms, which refer to a single completed event in the past.*

Yo lo vendía

He **was** prepar**ing** it

El lo preparaba

you **were** prepar**ing** it | (to a friend)

lo prepar**abas**

**The Indicative Imperfect Tense** They **were** prepar**ing** it

Lo prepar**aban** —— Grammer —— **The Indicative Imperfect Tense** As one of Spanish's two simple past tenses, the imperfect indicative has a conjugation that is essential to learn. It is the verb form used most often to describe conditions as they existed in the past, to provide background to events, and to describe habitual actions.

She **was** do**ing** it

Ella lo hacía

you **were** do**ing** it | (to a friend)

lo hac**ías**

they **were** do**ing** it

lo hac**ían**

He **was** tell**ing** me

El me decía

**Compound Present Perfect Tense** I **have** not understood what you **were** say**ing** ( two ways to express to understand )

No he entendido lo que decías No he comprendido lo que decías ( entender , comprender )

**Imperfect Indicative Tense** **THESE ARE ALL THE SAME PHRASE** He **used to** do it every day or He **did** it every day or He **was doing** it every day or He **was doing** it

El lo hacía todos los días El lo hacía **If I go backwards and prompts are needed** **Spanish Imperfect Indicative Tense** *The Imperfect Indicative is a past tense. It is used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.* Spanish Imperfect Indicative Tense The Imperfect Indicative is a past tense. It is used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions. It is used when talking about what time it was in the past, moods/feelings/and emotions in the past, someone’s age in the past, etc. It is also used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions. https://www.livelingua.com/grammar/imperfect-indicative#

It **is** done (past participle can also be used after the transitional form of 'to be')

**Está** hecho —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

I **have** done it

lo he hecho

I **have** prepared it

lo he preparado

the dinner **is** prepared

**la** cena está preparad**a** (remember to match past participle to the preceding noun)

I **have** accepted the condition

he aceptado la condición

I **have** told you

le he dicho

you **haven't** told me

no me ha dicho

why **haven't** you told me?

¿por qué no me ha dicho?

**Past Participle ( Specific Conjugation of a Verb )** Seen (an exception)

Visto

view

vista

**Compound Present Perfect Tense** I **have** seen it

Yo lo he visto

I still haven't seen it

Todavía no lo he visto —— Prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed Put a clue about the view

**Infinitive** To put ( IRREGULAR ) **Imperative / Command Tense** ( **Afirmative** ) *Use Pronoun just for practice* PUT it here !!! ( to you informal singular ) *Use Pronoun just for practice* PUT it here !!! ( to you formal singular ) *Use Pronoun just for practice* WE PUT !!! / LET’S PUT it here !!! ( to us plural ) *Use Pronoun just for practice* PUT it here !!! ( to you informal plural ) ( bossing ed and other people around when he’s helping at a party ) *Use Pronoun just for practice* PUT it here !!! ( to you formal plural )

Poner **Imperative Affirmative Tense ( Command Tense )** Tu PON lo aquí !!! Usted PONGA lo aquí !!! Nosotros PONGAMOS lo aquí !!! Vosotras PONED lo aquí !!! Ustedes PONGAN lo aquí !!!

**Compound Present Perfect Tense** We have put it here ( very irregular ) ( past participle of put is **very** irregular : we have **PU**t *in english* **THIS** *in Spanish* ) ( kind of similar for Spanish word for port : puerto , but this might be a red herring 🤷‍♂️ )

Lo hemos puesto aquí —— Prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

To forget

Olvidar —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed ( it is easy to forget but **OL** smith is **VI**sibly **DAR**ing in his hobbies )

I **won't** forget it

no lo olvidaré

sure / secure

seguro

I'm sure ( sure is same word as safe )

estoy seguro

we **won't** forget it

no lo olvidaremos

I **haven't** forgotten it

no lo he olvidado

To leave ( something behind ) ( a message, a key on a table etc )

Dejar ( **to leave something behind** on a **DE**sk is really **JAR**d )

message ( you can **REC**..**O**RD a message on an answer phone )

recado

I **have** left a message for you

he dejado un recado para usted

To spend ( time ) / To pass ( time )

Pasar

to pass the time

pasar el tiempo

**Compound Present Perfect Tense** We **have** spent much time

Hemos pasado mucho tiempo

we **haven't** spent much time

no hemos pasado mucho tiempo

that is

eso es

it's not a bad idea

no es una mala idea

it's an excellent idea

es una excelente idea

how much time **have** you spent...? | (to a friend)

¿cuánto tiempo has pasado...?

To prefer ( I’d **PREFER** not to tell Sarah what I’d **PREFER** , in fact I’d **PREFER** to eat my own **IR** 😉 )

Preferir —— Prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

**Indicative ( Simple ) Present Tense** I prefer ( irregular ) ( **I** **pref**er to jump off a tall building and into the **iero** than make a family decision ) ( to prefer = preferir and when conjugating it the second **e** colapses into **ie** )

Prefiero —— prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

I prefer staying here

prefiero quedarme aquí

To feel like

Tener ganas —— Prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed ( to have the desires )

**Indicative ( Simple ) Present Tense** I feel like ( i have desire to **TO** ) ( i feel like Ali G’s in **DE** house 😂 )

Tengo ganas de

I feel like being with you all

tengo ganas de estar con ustedes

I **would** like to see it

me gustaría verlo

I **would** like to make a reservation

me gustaría hacer una reservación

**Imperfect Subjunctive Tense** I **may** want to make a reservation —— Prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed ( not *me gustaría* or *tengo ganas* but the similar one ) ( i **may** want to get the **QUI** for an old ford **SIERA** … 🤷‍♂️🚗 )

Quisiera hacer una reservación Quisiera = I may want

**Indicative ( Simple ) Present Tense** How long are you planning on staying ? formal AND informal

Cuánto tiempo piensa quedarse ? Cuánto tiempo piensas quedarte ? —— Prompts —— if I go backwards and prompts are needed

To ask ( just **PRE**y that you’re not asked )

Preguntar

I **would** like to ask you

me gustaría preguntarle

**Direct Object Pronouns** Us

Nos

Nosotros

**Subject Pronouns** They

Ellos / Ellas

**Subject Pronouns** You ( familiar, plural )

Vosotros / Vosotras / Tú

Foundation Course 8 A Flashcards

(104 cards)