Foundation Course 8 B Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
I would ask you
A
Yo te / le preguntaría
2
Q
I would ask you later
A
Yo te / le preguntaría más tarde
3
Q
I’m going to ask you later
A
voy a preguntarle más tarde
4
Q
I’m going to call you later
A
voy a llamarle más tarde
5
Q
I will call you later
A
le llamaré más tarde
6
Q
for / to
(placed in front of a verb, implying ‘in order to’)
A
para
7
Q
with us
A
con nosotros
8
Q
I will call you later to ask you if you can come (and) see it with us
A
le llamaré más tarde para preguntarle si puede venir a verlo con nosotros
9
Q
at what time do we arrive tomorrow?
A
¿a qué hora llegamos mañana?
10
Q
I’ve just
( i’ve just eaten an AvaCABO , it was DElicious )
A
Acabo de
11
Q
I’ve just left
A
acabo de salir
(acabo de is always followed by the infinitive)
12
Q
(he / she / it) has just
A
acaba de
13
Q
he’s just left
A
acaba de salir
14
Q
ten minutes ago
(it makes ten minutes)
A
hace diez minutos
15
Q
she just left ten minutes ago
A
acaba de salir hace diez minutos
16
Q
I’ve just seen it
A
acabo de verlo
17
Q
I just arrived here two days ago
A
acabo de llegar aquí hace dos días
18
Q
two weeks ago
A
hace dos semanas
19
Q
I just arrived here two weeks ago
A
acabo de llegar aquí hace dos semanas
20
Q
to wait / to await / to hope / to expect
A
esperar
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
21
Q
I want to find out
A
Quiero informarme
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( I want to inform myself )
22
Q
I want to find out where it is
A
Quiero informarme dónde está
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( I want to inform myself where it is )
23
Q
Indicative Present Tense
I wait / I hope / I expect
Indicative Present Continuous Tense
I am waiting / I am hoping / I am expecting
A
( Yo ) espero
Estoy esperando
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Continuous ( ing) Tense
The Indicative Present Continuous is used to talk about something that is happening continuously or right now. For example, “estoy esperando”, meaning “I am waiting”.
This is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb.
24
Q
He waits / He hopes / He expects
He is waiting / He is hoping /
He is expecting
using both present AND indicative present continuous tense ( ing tense )
A
El espera
El esta esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
25
Wait !
Espere !
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
26
Why does she wait ?
Why is she waiting ?
Por qué ella espera ?
Por que ella esta esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
using both *present* AND *indicative present continuous* tense ( ing tense )
27
Why doesn't he wait ?
Why isn't he waiting ?
using both *present* AND *indicative present continuous* tense ( ing tense )
Por qué no el espera ?
Por que no el esta esperando ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
28
I wait for you
I am waiting for you
Te / Le espero
Te / Le estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
| (never use **para usted**)
29
I wait for you ( to a friend )
I'm waiting for you ( to a friend )
Te espero
Te estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
**Present continuous** tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
30
He waits for you
He's waiting for you
El te espera
El te esta esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
31
He hopes
He’s hoping
El espera
El esta esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
32
They wait for me
They're waiting for me
Me esperan
Me están esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
33
Why do they wait ?
Why are they waiting ?
Por qué esperan ?
Por que están esperando ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
**Present continuous** tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
34
Why do you wait for me ?
Why are you waiting for me ?
| (to a friend)
Por qué me esperas ?
Por qué me estás esperando ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
35
We wait ( or we hope or we expect )
We're waiting
We are waiting for you
Esperamos
Estamos esperando
Te estamos esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
36
Why doesn't he wait for me?
Why isn't he waiting for me?
¿por qué el no me espera?
¿Por qué el no me está esperando?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
—— Grammer ——
**The Indicative Present**
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, "espero", meaning "I wait". In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as "El Presente".
**Indicative Present Continuous ( ing) Tense**
The Indicative Present Continuous is used to talk about something that is happening continuously or right now. For example, "estoy esperando", meaning "I am waiting".
This is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb.
37
**Imperative / Command Tense**
Wait a second!
| (a moment)
Espere momentito
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
38
wait for me here
espéreme aquí
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
39
**Indicative Present Tense**
We wait for you
**Indicative Present Continuous Tense**
We're waiting for you
le esperamos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
40
Shall we wait for you ?
Are we waiting for you ?
Te / Le esperamos ?
Te / Le estamos esperando ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
41
We wait
We're waiting
Esperamos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to )
42
**Let's** wait here
| (switch tracks to the imperative)
Esper**e**mos aquí
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
43
We're buying it
We buy it
Lo estamos comprando
Lo compramos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
**Present continuous** tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
44
we're not buying it
using both *present* AND *indicative present continuous* tense ( ing tense )
This is formed by the present tense form of be and the present participle of a verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
no lo compramos
No lo estamos comprando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
45
**let's** not buy it
no lo compr**e**mos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
46
we're selling it
using both *present* AND *indicative present continuous* tense ( ing tense )
This is formed by the present tense form of be and the present participle of a verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
lo vendemos
Lo estamos vendiendo
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
47
**let's** sell the house
vend**a**mos la casa
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( vender : vending machines sell stuff )
48
don't wait for me
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
no me espere
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
49
Wait for me!
Espéreme !
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
50
I **have** waited
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
he esperado
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
51
I **have** left
he salido
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
52
I'm wait**ing**
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
| (right now)
estoy esper**ando**
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
53
I'm waiting for you
using both *present* AND *indicative present continuous* tense ( ing tense )
This is formed by the present tense form of be and the present participle of a verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
le espero
Te estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
54
I'm wait**ing** for you
( it is **RAR**-e and **ESPE**-cially nice to wait )
| (right now)
le estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
55
I do it / I make it
I'm doing it / I’m making it ( present continuous tense )
Lo hago
Lo estoy haciendo
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
**Present continuous** tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
56
I do it
I'm doing it
Lo hago
Lo estoy haciendo
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
**Present continuous** tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
57
I **was** wait**ing**
(**wing**-tense; imperfect past tense)
{can also mean a broken line: I **used to** wait / I waited **all the time**}
esper**aba**
(for **ar** verbs, add **aba**; applies for I/he/she/you)
58
I **was** speak**ing**
Yo hablaba
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
59
I used to buy it
I **was** buy**ing** it
lo compraba
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
60
I was preparing it
I prepared it
( same phrase )
Yo lo preparaba
61
I **was** leav**ing**
| (wing-tense; imperfect past tense)
sal**ía**
(for **er** / **ir** verbs, add **ía**; applies for I/he/she/you)
62
I **was** eat**ing**
com**ía**
63
I **was** do**ing** it
lo hacía
64
**IMPERFECT SIMPLE PAST TENSES**
*THESE ARE IMPERFECT SIMPLE PAST TENSES NOT COMPOUND OR PRETERITE SIMPLE PAST TENSES* i will cover those later
*there is also the compound past continuous tense using estar + gerund and the compound past perfect progressive tense using haber in the imperfect tense + past participle of estar + gerund* i will cover those later
—————————
I **was** sell**ing** it
( imperfect *past* tense, or simply imperfect tense )
or
( imperfect progressive tense )
or
( continuous past tense )
or
( past progressive )
I used to sell it
( imperfect *past* tense, or simply imperfect tense )
( **THE SAME PHRASE** )
—————————
*The imperfect is a verb form that combines past tense and imperfective aspect. It can have meanings similar to the English "was walking" or "used to walk". It contrasts with preterite forms, which refer to a single completed event in the past.*
Yo lo vendía
65
He **was** prepar**ing** it
El lo preparaba
66
you **were** prepar**ing** it
| (to a friend)
lo prepar**abas**
67
they **were** prepar**ing** it
lo prepar**aban**
68
She **was** do**ing** it
Ella lo hacía
69
you **were** do**ing** it
| (to a friend)
lo hac**ías**
70
they **were** do**ing** it
lo hac**ían**
71
He **was** tell**ing** me
El me decía
72
I **have** not understood what you ( informal ) **were** say**ing**
( two ways to say to understand )
no he entendido lo que decías
no he comprendido lo que decías
( more used is entender )
( other is comprender )
73
**Spanish Imperfect Indicative Tense ( a PAST tense )**
*The Imperfect Indicative is a past tense. It is used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.*
**THESE ARE ALL THE SAME PHRASE**
He **used to** do it every day
or
He **did** it every day
or
He **was doing** it every day
( broken line wing tense )
El lo hacía todos los días
**If I go backwards and prompts are needed**
Spanish Imperfect Indicative Tense
The Imperfect Indicative is a past tense. It is used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.
It is used when talking about what time it was in the past, moods/feelings/and emotions in the past, someone’s age in the past, etc. It is also used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.
https://www.livelingua.com/grammar/imperfect-indicative#
74
It **is** done
(past participle can also be used after the transitional form of 'to be')
**Está** hecho
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
75
I **have** done it
lo he hecho
76
I **have** prepared it
lo he preparado
77
the dinner **is** prepared
**la** cena está preparad**a**
(remember to match past participle to the preceding noun)
78
I **have** accepted the condition
he aceptado la condición
79
I **have** told you
le he dicho
80
you **haven't** told me
no me ha dicho
81
why **haven't** you told me?
¿por qué no me ha dicho?
82
seen
| (an exception)
visto
83
view
vista
84
I **have** seen it
Yo lo he visto
85
I still haven't seen it
Todavía no lo he visto
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Put a clue about the view
86
To put ( IRREGULAR )
**Imperative Affirmative Tense ( Command Tense )**
**Pronoun** PUT it here !!! ( to you informal singular )
**Pronoun** PUT it here !!! ( to you formal singular )
**Pronoun** WE PUT !!! / LET’S PUT it here !!! ( to us plural )
**Pronoun** PUT it here !!! ( to you informal plural )
( bossing ed and other people around when he’s helping at a party )
**Pronoun** PUT it here !!! ( to you formal plural )
Poner
**Imperative Affirmative Tense ( Command Tense )**
Tu PON lo aquí !!!
Usted PONGA lo aquí !!!
Nosotros PONGAMOS lo aquí !!!
Vosotras PONED lo aquí !!!
Ustedes PONGAN lo aquí !!!
87
We **have** put it here ( very irregular )
( past participle of put I’d very irregular : we have **pu**t *in english* **this** *in Spanish* )
Lo hemos puesto aquí
88
To forget
Olvidar
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is easy to forget but **OL** smith is **VI**sibly **DAR**ing in his hobbies )
89
I **won't** forget it
no lo olvidaré
90
sure / secure
seguro
91
I'm sure
( sure is same word as safe )
estoy seguro
92
we **won't** forget it
no lo olvidaremos
93
I **haven't** forgotten it
no lo he olvidado
94
To leave ( something behind )
( a message, a key on a table etc )
Dejar
( **to leave something behind** on a **DE**sk is really **JAR**d )
95
message
( you can **REC**…**O**RD a message on an answer phone )
recado
96
I **have** left a message for you
he dejado un recado para usted
97
to spend / to pass (for time)
pasar
98
to pass the time
pasar el tiempo
99
we **have** spent much time
hemos pasado mucho tiempo
100
we **haven't** spent much time
no hemos pasado mucho tiempo
