Foundations ch 6

Question 1

A reducing agent ________.

subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound
subtracts hydrogen from a chemical compound
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound
adds oxygen to a chemical compound

Answer 1

subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound
subtracts hydrogen from a chemical compound
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound*
adds oxygen to a chemical compound

Question 2

H is the symbol for which element?

hydrogen
carbon dioxide
sodium
oxygen

Answer 2

hydrogen*
carbon dioxide
sodium
oxygen

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

salt water
salt
concrete
powder

Answer 3

salt water
salt*
concrete
powder

Question 4

On a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), which category would include risks of exposure, related symptoms, and acute and chronic effects?

physical and chemical properties
toxicological information
stability and reactivity
ecological information

Answer 4

physical and chemical properties
toxicological information*
stability and reactivity
ecological information

Question 5

Volatile organic compounds contain ________ and evaporate very easily.

carbon
oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen

Answer 5

carbon*
oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen

Question 6

An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _______.

cold cream
mayonnaise
calamine lotion
witch hazel

Answer 6

cold cream*
mayonnaise
calamine lotion
witch hazel

Question 7

________ are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.

Facial creams
Powders
Astringents
Soaps

Answer 7

Facial creams*
Powders
Astringents
Soaps

Question 8

What does a pH below 7 indicate?

an acidic solution
a neutral solution
an alkaline solution
a logarithmic solution

Answer 8

an acidic solution*
a neutral solution
an alkaline solution
a logarithmic solution

Question 9

__________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.

acids
bases
salts
oxides

Answer 9

acids
bases*
salts
oxides

Question 10

The location you use for mixing chemicals must be _________.

accessible only to managers
well ventilated
kept at 98 degrees F
unlocked at all times

Answer 10

accessible only to managers
well ventilated*
kept at 98 degrees F
unlocked at all times

Question 11

Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?

protons
electrons
molecules
atoms

Answer 11

protons
electrons
molecules
atoms*

Question 12

The letters pH denote ________, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

potential hydroxide
partially hydrophilic
partial hydrogen
potential hydrogen

Answer 12

potential hydroxide
partially hydrophilic
partial hydrogen
potential hydrogen*

Question 13

What is the average pH for hair and skin?

7.5
9
3.5
5

Answer 13

7.5
9
3.5
5*

Question 14

What type of chemical reaction balances pH and results in the production of water and a salt?

redox
exothermic
endothermic
acid–alkali neutralization

Answer 14

redox
exothermic
endothermic
acid–alkali neutralization*

Question 15

Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) ___________ reaction.

redox
exothermic
endothermic
rapid oxidation

Answer 15

redox*
exothermic
endothermic
rapid oxidation

Question 16

Water-in-oil emulsions feel ________ than oil-in-water emulsions.

greasier
colder
wetter
hotter

Answer 16

greasier*
colder
wetter
hotter

Question 17

A(n) ________ charged ion is called an anion

negatively
naturally
neutrally
positively

Answer 17

negatively*
naturally
neutrally
positively

Question 18

Among the following choices, acids would MOST likely be used to ________.

raise the pH of products
exfoliate the skin
swell the hair
soften calloused skin

Answer 18

raise the pH of products
exfoliate the skin*
swell the hair
soften calloused skin

Question 19

Alkalis tend to ________ the hair.

swell
exfoliate
relax
harden

Answer 19

swell*
exfoliate
relax
harden

Question 20

The are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?

116
50
98
76

Answer 20

116
50
98*
76

Question 21

An example of an elemental molecule is ________.

common table salt
hydrogen peroxide
water
atmospheric oxygen

Answer 21

common table salt
hydrogen peroxide
water
atmospheric oxygen*

Question 22

An unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid, such as calamine lotion, is a:

solution
stable mixture
suspension
miscible liquid

Answer 22

solution
stable mixture
suspension*
miscible liquid

Question 23

Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?

surfactant
solution
emulsion
suspension

Answer 23

surfactant*
solution
emulsion
suspension

Question 24

The pH scale is _______.

mathematic
linear
arithmetic
logarithmic

Answer 24

mathematic
linear
arithmetic
logarithmic*

Question 25

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline _________ solutions. hydrogen peroxide liquid water-based unstable

Answer 25

hydrogen peroxide liquid water-based* unstable

Question 26

_______ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide. Combustion Oxidation Reduction Ionization

Answer 26

Combustion Oxidation* Reduction Ionization

Question 27

As the basic unit of matter, ________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. water atoms molecules oxygen

Answer 27

water atoms* molecules oxygen

Question 28

As part of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects, as well as _________. product use use restrictions first aid instructions containment and cleanup information

Answer 28

product use use restrictions first aid instructions* containment and cleanup information

Question 29

An example of a physical change is ________. ice melting to water oxidation burning wood rusting iron

Answer 29

ice melting to water* oxidation burning wood rusting iron

Question 30

Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)? elements atoms molecules matter

Answer 30

elements atoms molecules matter*

Question 31

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contains ________ categories of information. 16 14 12 10

Answer 31

16* 14 12 10

Question 32

Solutions that do not contain water, such as alcohol or oil, do not have ________. volume and space their own distinct physical and chemical properties mass pH

Answer 32

volume and space their own distinct physical and chemical properties mass pH*

Question 33

Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties? chemical electrical mechanical physical

Answer 33

chemical* electrical mechanical physical

Question 34

________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen. Oxidation Application Reaction Reduction

Answer 34

Oxidation Application Reaction Reduction*

Question 35

What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur? endothermic redox exothermic acid--alkali neutralization

Answer 35

endothermic* redox exothermic acid--alkali neutralization

Question 36

The tail of a surfactant molecule is ________, or oil loving. immiscible lipophilic miscible hydrophilic

Answer 36

immiscible lipophilic* miscible hydrophilic

Question 37

When oxygen is chemically combined with a substance, the substance is ________. reduced oxidized united blended

Answer 37

reduced oxidized* united blended

Question 38

A _________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two of more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance. solute solvent solution suspension

Answer 38

solute solvent solution* suspension