France - Bordeaux - Wine Regions Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
How much wine is produced by Bordeaux AOC and Bordeaux supérieur AOC?
A
50%
2
Q
Bordeaux AOC and Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
Describe the typical red wine (variety, intensity, aromas, acidity, tannins, body, alcohol, quality, price)
A
- Merlot
- Medium intensity
- Red fruit
- High acidity
- Medium(+) tannins
- Medium body
- Medium alcohol
- Acceptable to good quality
- Inexpensive to mid-priced
3
Q
Bordeaux AOC and Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
Describe the typical white wine (variety, intensity, aromas, acidity, body, alcohol, quality, price)
A
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Medium intensity
- Gooseberry and lemon fruit
- High acidity
- Medium body
- Medium alcohol
- Acceptable to good quality
- Inexpensive to mid-priced
4
Q
Bordeaux AOC
What are the max yields for red, rosé, and white wines?
A
- Red: 60 hL/ha
- Rosé: 62 hL/ha
- White: 67 hL/ha
5
Q
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
What is the max yield for red wines?
A
59 hL/ha
6
Q
What are the 8 major categories of appellations?
A
- Generic
- Left Bank red wine
- Graves
- Entre-Deux-Mers
- Right Bank red wine
- Côtes de Bordeaux
- Côtes de Bourg
- Sweet wine
7
Q
List the Left Bank red wine appellations (from north to south)
A
- Médoc
- Haut-Médoc (which includes ALL the below)
- Saint-Estèphe
- Pauillac
- Saint-Julien
- Listrac-Médoc
- Moulis
- Margaux
8
Q
Médoc
Where is it located?
A
- Left Bank of Gironde
- North of Bordeaux
9
Q
What is the max yield of Médoc and Haut-Médoc?
A
55 hL/ha
10
Q
What type of wines are allowed to be produced in Médoc and Haut-Médoc?
A
Red only
11
Q
Médoc
When are wines allowed to be sold?
A
Mid-June following harvest
12
Q
Médoc
What grape varieties are mainly planted and in what proportions?
A
Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon (50/50)
13
Q
Haut-Médoc
What are the soils?
A
Warmer, gravelly soil
14
Q
Haut-Médoc
What grape varieties are mainly planted and in what proportions?
A
- Cabernet Sauvignon (50%)
- Merlot (44%)
15
Q
Haut-Médoc
List the four famous single commune appellations
A
- Saint-Estèphe
- Pauillac
- Saint-Julien
- Margaux
16
Q
Haut-Médoc
What is special in terms of terroir, type of wines, and max yield in the four famous single commune appellations?
A
- Moderating influence from Gironde estuary
- High proportion of warm gravelly soils
- Red wines only
- Max yield: 57 hL/ha
17
Q
Haut-Médoc
Describe the typical style of wine from one of the four famous single commune appellations (intensity, aromas, body, tannins, alcohol, quality, price)
A
- Pronounced intensity
- Blackcurrant, green bell pepper (especially in cooler vintages) and red plum fruit, with vanilla and cedar oak notes
- Medium(+) body
- High tannins
- Medium to high alcohol
- Very good to outstanding quality
- Premium to super-premium price
18
Q
Saint-Estèphe
What is the ratio of grape varieties here and why?
A
- 40% Merlot
- 50% Cabernet Sauvignon
- More Merlot than other three appellations, because can successfully ripen
19
Q
Saint-Estèphe
Where is Merlot and where Cabernet Sauvignon planted?
A
- Merlot: clay soils away from the estuary
- Cabernet Sauvignon: Gravel banks close to the estuary
20
Q
Saint-Estèphe
Describe the wines’ tannins based on climate and soil
A
- Rustic wines that needs years in bottle soften tannins
- Softer tannins from warmer gravel soils and more Merlot
21
Q
Saint-Estèphe
How many first Growths does it have?
A
- No First Growths
- But second growths
- And large number of Cru Bourgeois
22
Q
Pauillac
What is the proportion of Cabernet Sauvignon and where is it mostly planted?
A
- Highest proportion (62%)
- Close to the estuary
23
Q
Pauillac
What is the typical style of wine? (structure, variety, concentration, tannins, acidity, ageing)
A
- Most structured wine of the Left Bank
- Often higher proportion of Cabernet Sauvignon (70-80%)
- High concentration
- High tannins
- High acidity
- Long ageing
24
Q
Pauillac
How many first Growths does it have?
A
- 3 out of 5 first growths
- Highest proportion of cru classé wine
25
**Saint-Julien**
Where are the wines stylistically located between the other appellations?
Between Pauillac (powerful structure) and Margaux (finesse)
26
**Saint-Julien**
What is the major variety and soil?
* Cabernet Sauvignon
* Gravel soil
27
**Saint-Julien**
How many first Growths does it have?
* Not first growths
* But 5 second growths
* And high proportion of cru classé production
28
**Margaux**
How many first Growths does it have?
* One first growth
* High proportion of cru classé production
29
**Margaux**
What wines does it have a reputation for?
Perfumed wines with silky tannins
30
**Margaux**
What are the grape varieties, soils and climate?
* Slightly less Cab and more Merlot
* Gravel soil
* Slightly further south -> earlier ripening
31
What two Left Bank appellations are further from the river then the other four single commune appellations?
Listrac-Médoc and Moulis
32
**Listrac-Médoc and Moulis**
What is the climate and soil compared to the four single commune appellations?
* Less moderating influence
* Less gravel soils
33
**Listrac-Médoc and Moulis**
What is the typical style of wines? (quality, price)
* Good to very good quality
* Mid- to premium priced
34
**Graves**
What are max yields and percentage of plantings of white and red wines?
* White: 58 hL/ha, 15% of plantings
* Red: 55 hL/ha, 85% of plantings
35
**Graves**
What is the typical style of wines? (quality, price)
* Acceptable to good quality
* Inexpensive to mid-priced
36
**Graves Supérieures**
Describe the typical style of wine and max yields
* Late picked and/or botrytis-affected sweet wines
* 40 hL/ha
37
**Pessac-Léognan**
What is the soil and climate?
* Gravel soils
* Moderating effect of the Garonne
38
**Pessac-Léognan**
How many first Growths does it have?
* One First Growth
* And all of the cru classé properties of the Graves classification
39
**Pessac-Léognan**
What type of wines is it known for?
* High quality, often barrel-fermented and aged white wines
* High-quality red wines
40
**Pessac-Léognan**
What is the ratio between red and white wines?
80/20
41
**Pessac-Léognan**
What does it have a reputation for?
Producing the best white wines of Bordeaux
42
**Pessac-Léognan**
What is the white wine's typical style? (variety, intensity, aromas, body, acidity, alcohol, quality, price)
* Blend of Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon
* Pronounced aromas
* Gooseberry, lemon and grapefruit with vanilla and clove oak notes
* Medium(+) body
* Medium(+) to high acidity
* Medium to high alcohol
* Very good to outstanding quality
* Premium to super-premium prices
43
**Pessac-Léognan**
What is the max yield for red and white wines?
54 hL/ha for red and white wines
44
What is the second largest appellation in terms of hectares after Bordeaux AOC?
Entre-deux-Mers
45
**Entre-deux-Mers**
What type of wine does it produce?
* ONLY white wines
* Red wines are also produced, but bottled as Bordeaux or Bordeaux Supérieur
46
**Entre-deux-Mers**
What is the max yield and intensity, quality, price?
* 65 hL/ha
* Light intensity
* Acceptable to good quality
* Inexpensive to mid-priced
47
What grape varieties are prevalent on the Right Bank Red Wine appellations?
* Merlot (most)
* Cabernet Franc
* Cabernet Sauvignon (small plantings)
48
What type of soil is on the Right Bank Red Wine appellations?
Clay soils
49
**Saint-Émilion and Saint-Émilion Grand Cru**
What type of wine is produced?
Red wine ONLY
50
**Saint-Émilion and Saint-Émilion Grand Cru**
What is the difference between the two in terms of max yields and min maturation times?
* 53hL/ha vs. 46 hL/ha
* 6 months vs. 20 months
51
**Saint-Émilion and Saint-Émilion Grand Cru**
What is the dominant grape varietiy with how much of plantings?
Merlot (60%)
52
**Saint-Émilion and Saint-Émilion Grand Cru**
What is the quality range of red wines?
From simple, easy-drinking to comparable wines with First Growths from the Left Bank
53
**Saint-Émilion and Saint-Émilion Grand Cru**
Describe a typical high-quality wine (intensity, aromas, body, alcohol, acidity, tannins, ageing)
* Pronounced intensity
* Red and black plum fruit with noticeable vanilla and clove
* Full body
* High alcohol
* Medium(+) to high acidity
* Medium(+) to high tannins
* Long ageing potential
54
What are Saint-Émilion satellites?
Four AOCs close to Saint-Émilion but further away from the Dordogne
55
Name the largest two of the four Saint-Émilion satellites
* Montagne Saint-Émilion AOC
* Lussac-Saint-Émilion AOC
56
**Pomerol**
What are the main varieties?
* Merlot (80%)
* Cabernet Franc
57
**Pomerol**
What is the max yield?
49 hL/ha
58
**Pomerol**
Describe the classification system
There is no classification system
59
**Pomerol**
Why command these wines some of the highest prices in the world?
* Because most estates are very small
* E.g., Petrus (12ha) compared to 80-100ha of estates from Left Bank
60
**Pomerol**
Describe the typical style of a high quality Pomerol (intensity, aromas, body, alcohol, acidity, tannins, ageing)
* Pronounced intensity
* Red and black plum fruit with noticeable vanilla and clove
* Full body
* High alcohol
* Medium(+) to high acidity
* Medium(+) to high tannins
* Long ageing potential
61
Name a satellite appellation of Pomerol
Lalande-de-Pomerol (slightly higher yields)
62
What is the Côtes de Bordeaux?
Appellation for red and white wines created in 2009
63
What communes are allowed to put their name in front of "Côtes de Bordeaux"?
* Blaye
* Cadillac
* Castillon
* Francs
64
**Côtes de Bordeaux**
What is the max yield without and with commune name appended?
55 hL/ha and 52 hL/ha
65
What is Côtes de Bourg similar to in terms of appellation, dominant variety, and style of wine?
* Côtes de Bordeaux
* Merlot
* Médoc
66
**Côtes de Bourg**
What is the variety in focus and how much is planted to it?
Malbec (10%)
67
What are the two most important sweet wine appellations?
Sauternes and Barsac
68
**Sauternes and Barsac**
What are the used varieties?
* Semillon (80%)
* Sauvignon Blanc
* Muscadelle (tiny amounts)
69
**Sauternes and Barsac**
What are the conditions for what type of sweet wines?
* Cold Ciron meets the warmer Garonne, promoting morning mist
* Sunshine in the afternoon
* Sweet, botrytis-affected wines
70
**Sauternes and Barsac**
What is the largest sweet wine appellation with how much of the production?
Sauternes (50% of production)
71
**Sauternes and Barsac**
How can the wines from Barsac be labeled?
As either Barsac AOC or Sauternes AOC
72
**Sauternes and Barsac**
What is the max yield and what is it in reality?
* Max yield: 25 hL/ha
* In reality often much lower to ensure fully ripening
73
**Sauternes and Barsac**
Describe the typical style of wine (intensity, aromas, body, alcohol, acidity, quality, price)
* Pronounced intensity
* Citrus peel, honey, tropical fruit (mango) with vanilla oak notes
* Full body
* High alcohol
* Medium to medium(+) acidity
* Very good to outstanding quality
* Mid-priced to super-premium priced
74
**Sauternes and Barsac**
What have many producers started because of lacking demand?
Producing dry wines as a source of income
75
Name three other sweet wines appellations, incl. max yields
* Sainte-Croix-du-Mont (40 hL/ha)
* Loupiac (40 hL/ha)
* Premières Côtes de Bordeaux (45 hL/ha)
76
What is the typical quality of the other sweet wine appellations?
* Good to very good quality
* Inexpensive to mid-priced
