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WSET Level 4 - D3 > France - Loire - Anjou-Saumur & Touraine > Flashcards

France - Loire - Anjou-Saumur & Touraine Flashcards

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1
Q

How much of Loire’s vineyard area is in Touraine and in Anjou-Saumur? (%)

A
  • Touraine (31%)
  • Anjou-Saumur (37%)
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2
Q

Anjou-Saumur
What are the principal (incl. %) and other top grape varieties?

A
  • Cabernet Franc (40%)
  • Chenin Blanc (25%)
  • Grolleau Noir
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Chardonnay
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3
Q

Touraine
What are the principal and other top grape varieties (incl. %)?

A
  • Cabernet Franc (30%)
  • Chenin Blanc (20%)
  • Sauvignon Blanc (20%)
  • Gamay
  • Malbec
  • Chardonnay
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4
Q

What is the climate?

A
  • Influence of the Atlantic decreases progressively
  • Anjou-Saumur: more maritime effect
  • Touraine: continental climate
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5
Q

What is the rainfall and what does it mean?

A
  • 700mm
  • Risk at flowering and fruit set, disease pressure, and harvest
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6
Q

What type of wines are the best exposed sites used for?

A
  • Still wines -> need a greater level of ripeness
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7
Q

What do the River Layon and its tributaries help with?

A

Misty conditions for botrytis

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8
Q

What is the soil and what are its properties?

A
  • Wide range, incl. clay-limestone, flint-clay, sand, gravel and tuff
  • Anjou: more schist and limestone
  • Touraine: more chalk
  • Good drainage and water retention
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9
Q

What rootstocks are used because of the high lime content?

A
  • Fercal and Riparia Gloire de Montpellier
  • To protect wines from chlorosis
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10
Q

Chenin Blanc
What is the budding/ripening time?

A
  • Early budding -> spring frost
  • Late ripening -> autumn rain
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11
Q

Chenin Blanc
What is the variety’s vigor?

A
  • Vigorous
  • Capable of high yields
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12
Q

Chenin Blanc
How is it harvested and why?

A
  • For high quality in multiple passes
  • Ripens unevenly
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13
Q

Chenin Blanc
What are the different styles of wines produced?

A
  • Sparkling wine
  • Dry
  • Off-dry
  • Sweet
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14
Q

Chenin Blanc
Describe the typical style of dry/off-dry wines (intensity, aromas, acidity, alcohol, quality, price)

A
  • Medium intensity
  • Green apple and lemon (sometimes with a steely, smoky character)
  • High acidity
  • Medium alcohol
  • Good to very good quality (some outstanding)
  • Inexpensive to mid-price (some premium priced)
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15
Q

Chenin Blanc
Name a significant producer of outstanding quality wines

A

Domaine Huet

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16
Q

Cabernet Franc
What is the budding/ripening time?

A
  • Early budding -> spring frost
  • Mid-ripening -> often picked before autumn rain
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17
Q

Cabernet Franc
What is the problem if the variety is not fully ripe and how is this problem countered?

A
  • Wines can taste excessive leafy
  • Better canopy management
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18
Q

Cabernet Franc
What styles of wines are produced?

A
  • Single varietal
  • Part of rosé blends
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19
Q

Cabernet Franc
Describe the typical style of wine (intensity, aromas, acidity, body, tannin)

A
  • Medium to pronounced intensity
  • Red fruit (redcurrant, raspberry), floral (violet) aromas, sometimes leafy notes
  • High acidity
  • Light to medium body
  • Medium tannins
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20
Q

Grolleau Noir
What is the budding/ripening time?

A
  • Early-budding
  • Mid-ripening
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21
Q

Grolleau Noir
For what types of wines is it used?

A

Mainly as blending variety in rosé wines

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22
Q

Gamay
Where is the variety mainly grown?

A
  • Touraine
  • Central vineyards
  • Some in Anjou
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23
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon
What is its budding/ripening time and where is it grown?

A
  • Late budding
  • Late ripening
  • Performs best in the temperate Anjou (warmest sites)
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24
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon
For what types of wines is it used?

A
  • Red: often blended with Cabernet Franc
  • Rosé: often used as blending variety
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25
**Winemaking** How is Chenin Blanc made? (fermentation temps and vessels, malo, ageing, aim)
* Fermented at cool to mid-range temps * Large old oak or stainless steel containers * Malo avoided * Ageing in neutral containers * Aim: retain primary fruit
26
**Winemaking** How is Cabernet Franc made? (fermentation vessels, yeast, ageing, aim)
* Fermented in concrete or old wood vats * Often ambient yeasts * Ageing in used oak barrels (diff sizes), some proportion of new French oak barriques for more expensive wines * Aim: retain primary fruit
27
**Winemaking** How are rosé wines produced?
* Mostly direct pressing (some short maceration) * Short ageing in neutral containers
28
What are the three larger regional appellations?
* Anjou AOC * Saumur AOC * Touraine AOC
29
**Anjou** What are the seven AOCs in Anjou? (increasing in quality)
* Anjou AOC * Anjou Villages AOC * Coteaux du Layon AOC * Coteaux du Layon AOC + named village * Bonnezeaux AOC * Coteaux du Layon AOC Premier Cru Chaume * Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOC
30
**Anjou AOC** What are the max yields for red and white wines?
* 60 hL/ha * -> lower intensity wines
31
**Anjou AOC** Describe the varieties (incl. min %) of Anjou white and rouge.
* White: Min 80% Chenin Blanc * Rouge: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon
32
**Anjou Villages AOC** What wines are produced here? (type and varieties)
* Still red wine ONLY * Only Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon (singly or blended) * In practice, mostly Cabernet Franc
33
**Anjou Villages AOC** What are the max yields and when can wines be released?
* 55 hL/ha * Sept, year after harvest
34
**Coteaux du Layon AOC** What type of wines does it produce?
* Wines from botrytized Chenin Blanc * If botrytis fails to develop, grapes are dried on the vine * High acidity of Chenin Blanc balances sweetness
35
**Coteaux du Layon AOC + named village** Describe the style of wines (harvest, intensity, aromas, sweetness, acidity, body, alcohol, quality, price)
* Botrytis-affected grapes are picked in several passes * Pronounced intensity * Cooked citrus, apple with honey notes * Sweet * High acidity * Medium(+) bodied * Medium alcohol * Good to very good quality * Mid-priced to premium
36
**Coteaux du Layon AOC** What are the three appellations with the highest-quality reputation for sweet wines? What is the typical quality an price level?
* Bonnezeaux AOC * Coteaux du Layon AOC Premier Cru Chaume * Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOC * Very good to outstanding quality * Premium (some super-premium) price
37
**Coteaux du Layon AOC** What are the max yields and min potential alcohol for the 5 appellations?
* Coteaux du Layon AOC: **35 / 14** * Coteaux du Layon AOC + named village: **30 / 15** * Bonnezeaux AOC: **25 / 15** * Coteaux du Layon AOC Premier Cru Chaume: **25 / 16.5** * Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOC: **20 / 18**
38
**Savennières AOC** What type of wines are produced? (variety, sweetness, acidity, alcohol)
* Chenin Blanc * Dry * Very high acidity * High alcohol
39
**Savennières AOC** How do the white wines from Chenin Blanc get their ripeness and concentration?
* South-facing slopes * Low-fertility, rocky schist soils * Low yields
40
**Savennières AOC** What is the max yield?
50 hL/ha
41
**Savennières AOC** What are two smaller appellations within it, what do they profit from, and what are the max yields?
* Savennières La Roche aux Moines AOC * Coulée de Serrant AOC * Warm sites on slopes facing the Loire * Max yield: 30 hL/ha
42
**Anjou** Name the three appellations for rosé wines
* Rosé de Loire AOC * Rosé d'Anjou AOC * Cabernet d'Anjou AOC
43
**Rosé de Loire AOC** What varieties are used?
* Range of varieties, incl.: * Cabernet Franc * Cabernet Sauvignon * Gamay * Grolleau Noir
44
**Rosé de Loire AOC** What is the max yield and sweetness of wines?
* 60 hL/ha * Dry
45
**Rosé d’Anjou AOC** What varieties are used?
* Mainly Grolleau * Other options: Cabernets, Cot (Malbec) and Gamay
46
**Rosé d’Anjou AOC** What is the max yield?
65 hL/ha
47
**Rosé d’Anjou AOC** Describe the typical style of wine (color, intensity, aromas, sweetness, acidity, alcohol, quality, price)
* Medium pink-orange * Medium intensity * Red berry fruit * Medium dry * Medium(+) acidity * Medium alcohol * Acceptable to good quality (some very good) * Inexpensive to mid-price
48
**Cabernet d’Anjou AOC** What are the varieties, max yield, color, and sweetness?
* ONLY Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon * 60 hL/ha * Deeper color than most rosé * Medium-dry
49
What are the three most important Saumur appellations?
* Saumur AOC * Coteaux de Saumur AOC * Saumur-Champigny AOC
50
**Saumur AOC** What types of wines are produced?
* White * Red * Rosé * Sparkling wines
51
**Saumur AOC** What are the typical varieties for white, red and rosé wines?
* White: Chenin Blanc * Red: Cabernet Franc * Rosé: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
52
**Saumur AOC** What are max yields for white, red and rosé wines?
* 60 hL/ha (white) * 57 hL/ha (red, rosé) * -> low flavor intensity
53
**Coteaux de Saumur AOC** Describe the typical style of wine (variety, sweetness, acidity, max yields)
* Chenin Blanc from over-ripe grapes (with or without botrytis), picked in a number of passes * Sweet * High Acidity * Max yield: 35 hL/ha
54
**Saumur-Champigny AOC** Describe the typical style of wine (variety, color, intensity, aromas, alcohol, acidity, tannin, quality, price)
* Min 85% Cabernet Franc * Pale ruby * Medium to medium(+) intensity * Redcurrant fruit, sometimes leafy aromas * Medium alcohol * High acidity * Medium tannin * Good to very good quality * Inexpensive to mid-priced (some premium)
55
**Saumur-Champigny AOC** What are max yields and what does it lead to?
* 57 hL/ha * low flavor intensity
56
**Saumur-Champigny AOC** What are the soils?
* Soils with chalk, flint and clay * Combination of good drainage and water-holding capacity
57
**Saumur-Champigny AOC** Name a significant producer of high quality wines
Clos Rougeard
58
**Touraine** Name the 6 key appellations
* Touraine AOC * Vouvray AOC * Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC * Bourgueil AOC * Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC * Chinon AOC
59
**Touraine AOC** What are the types of wines produced (incl. varieties)
* White: Sauvignon Blanc * Red: Cabernet Franc, Cot, and Gamay * Rosé: Wide range, incl. Cabernets, Cot, Gamay and Grolleau
60
**Vouvray AOC** What is it known for?
* White wine from Chenin Blanc * Most important white wine appellation in Touraine
61
**Vouvray AOC** What are the regulations regarding white wines? (min Chenin Blanc, max yield)
* Min 95% Chenin Blanc (mostly 100%) * Max yield: 52 hL/ha
62
**Vouvray AOC** Where are the best vineyards located?
* Slopes overlooking the Loire * Good sunlight interception * River as a moderating influence
63
**Vouvray AOC** What are the soils?
Soils are flinty, clay and limestone over a tuff -> good drainage
64
**Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC** What wines is it known for? (incl. max yield)
* 100% Chenin Blanc * Max yield: 52 hL/ha
65
**Touraine** What appellations are known for their red wines?
* Bourgueil AOC * Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC * Chinon AOC
66
**Bourgueil AOC & Chinon AOC** What are the varieties used?
* Cabernet Franc * Max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
67
**Bourgueil AOC & Chinon AOC** What are the yields?
* Max yield: 55 hL/ha * In reality often lower
68
**Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC** What wines does it produce and what are they similar to?
* Lighter style Cabernet Franc * Similar to Saumur-Champigny AOC
69
**Chinon AOC** What is it known for?
Best known and highly regarded for their red wines
70
**Chinon AOC** What is the range of wines produced?
* Light, fruity, early drinking (short maceration) * More structured and concentrated (longer maceration and ageing)
71
**Chinon AOC** Describe the typical style of wine (intensity, acidity, tannins, ageing, quality, price)
* Pronounced intensity * High acidity * Medium to medium(+) tannins * Can age for 20 years and more * Good to very good quality * Inexpensive to mid-priced (few premium)
72
Describe the general soil in Bourgueil, Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil, and Chinon, incl. its influence on wine
* **Sand, gravel and clay-limestone** * **Sand**: lightest wines, earliest to be ready to drink * **Clay-limestone**: most structured and long lived
73
How much of wine is exported?
Roughly 20%
74
Describe the ratio of production between Anjou-Saumur and Touraine of rosé, sparkling, white and red wines
* Rosé: Anjou-Saumur 10x more * Sparkling wine: Anjou-Saumur MUCH more * Red and white wine: Touraine MUCH more

WSET Level 4 - D3 (56 decks)

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