Frank Moretti

Question 1

what is a TIA

Answer 1

transient ischemic attack is a mini stroke caused by temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, doesn’t cause permanent damage is resolved within a few minutes
TIA is a warning sign that stroke may occur which can cause permanent damage

Question 2

what are some signs and symptoms of a TIA

Answer 2

• slurred speech
• facial dropping
• weakness of one side like the arms
• vertigo (loss of balance)

Question 3

what are some complications with TIA

Answer 3

• weakness of one side
• speech changes
• re-occurring TIA

Question 4

what are some nursing considerations with TIA

Answer 4

• ROM to maintain mobility
• speech therapist to help with speech impairments
• assess for reoccurring TIA

Question 5

what is PVD

Answer 5

peripheral vascular disease, occurs in blood vessels located outside of the heart. poor blood flow to the extremities caused by blood vessels becoming narrowed or plaque buildup

Question 6

what are the s/s of PVD

Answer 6

• weak pedal pulses
• change in color of the legs due to no oxygen or circulation
• numbness and tingling of the lower extremities due to no circulation

Question 7

what are the complications of PVD

Answer 7

• risk of stroke because of plaque built up in the blood vessels
• delayed wound healing bc of no circulation or blood flow
• intense pain
• infections leading to amputation

Question 8

what are the nursing interventions for PVD

Answer 8

• proper positioning like keeping feet elevated
• avoid smoking as that will narrow blood vessels further
• encourage mobility to promote circulation
• administer medications as directed

Question 9

what is the trade name for warfarin

Answer 9

coumadin

Question 10

what is the route for coumadin

Answer 10

PO

Question 11

what is the drug class for warfarin

Answer 11

anticoagulant (stops new clots from forming and old clots from getting bigger)

Question 12

what is the action of coumadin

Answer 12

affects clotting abilities by blocks vitamin K from making clotting proteins needed to form clots like (2,7,9, and 10)

Question 13

what is the TO for warfarin

Answer 13

prevents flood from clotting and pulmonary embolism

Question 14

what are the use and indication for coumadin

Answer 14

• stroke
• DVT
• pulmonary embolism
• prevents MI

Question 15

what are some adverse effects for coumadin

Answer 15

• risk of bleeding out
• hematuria
• hemorrhage
• black tarry stool
• allergic reactions

Question 16

what are some nursing interventions for coumadin

Answer 16

• assess INR time (international normalized ratio, HIGH INR means risk of bleeding out, LOW INR means risk for clotting)
• assess for signs of bleeding like tarry stool, bruising, or bleeding gums
• assess for allergic reaction

Question 17

what are some patient teachings for warfarin

Answer 17

• low vitamin K diet (high diet can reverse affects of medication)
• report signs of bleeding
• use soft bristle toothbrush
• avoid contact sports to not bleed out

Question 18

what is the trade name for acetylsalicylic acid

Answer 18

aspirin

Question 19

what is the route for aspirin

Answer 19

• PO
• rectal

Question 20

what is the drug class for aspirin

Answer 20

non-opioid analgesic (relieves pain without addictive affects), antiplatelet, antipyretic, NSAID

Question 21

what is the action for aspirin

Answer 21

reduces pain, inflammation, and fever by blocking prostaglandin synthesis, and prevents platelets from sticking together

Question 22

what is the TO for acetylsalicylic acid

Answer 22

reduces pain, fever, inflammation and prevents clot formation

Question 23

what are the indication and uses for aspirin

Answer 23

• pain
• fever
• prevent MI
• TIA

Question 24

what are the adverse effects of aspirin

Answer 24

• increased risk of bleeding since it is a antiplatelet
• GI bleeding
• hepatoxicity (too many meds in system)

Question 25

list some nursing considerations for aspirin

Answer 25

- pain assessment - AST, or ALT tests which will show liver damage if medication taken long term in high doses - blood tests like CBC or INR to ax patients bloods clotting abilities and platelets

Question 26

what are some patient teachings for aspirin

Answer 26

- take with water to avoid GI upset - avoid alcohol it can cause GI bleeding - report signs of bleeding - don't go above recommended dose

Question 27

what is the trade name for bacitracin

Answer 27

bacitin

Question 28

what is the drug class for bacitin

Answer 28

anti-infective (reduces infections)

Question 29

what is the action for bacitracin

Answer 29

stops the bacteria cell from making the proteins it needs to survive and grow

Question 30

what is the TO for bacitin

Answer 30

resolution of infection (symptoms of infections are going away)

Question 31

what is the route for bacitin

Answer 31

topical

Question 32

what are the uses and indications for bacitracin

Answer 32

- skin infections - wounds - burns - swimmers ear (used on the outside for skin breakdown to prevent bacteria infection)

Question 33

what are some adverse effects for bacitin

Answer 33

signs of allergic reaction - redness - hives (urticaria) - rash - scaling of skin (dry skin)

Question 34

what are the nursing considerations for bacitracin

Answer 34

- assess for allergic reactions (redness, rash, hives) - assess for kidney damage (elevated BUN levels, edema, low urine output) - assess for ototoxicity (ringing in the ear, balance issues, hearing loss)

Question 35

list some patient teachings for bacitin

Answer 35

- clean area with soap and water before applying medication - hand hygiene to prevent spread to other areas