Olivia benett

Question 1

what is type 2 diabetes

Answer 1

occurs at older age, its when the bodies cells become resistant to the insulin or the pancreas doesn’t produce enough leading to excess amounts of sugar in the bloodstream, managed through lifestyle modifications like reducing weight, eating balanced meals, and doing physical activity

Question 2

s/s of type 2 diabetes

Answer 2

• 3 P’s (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
• slower wound healing
• dry mouth
• weight loss

Question 3

what are some complications that can happen with type 2 diabetes

Answer 3

• DKA (high blood sugar levels for long time resulting in body breaking down fats instead of glucose for energy)
• diabetic neuropathy (high BG levels damage blood vessels and nerve damage)
• diabetic retinopathy (damage the eye blood vessels can cause blindness starts with black dots in vision)
• diabetic nephropathy (causes kidney damage bc the filtering process with the nephrons is affected due to blood vessel damage

Question 4

what are some nursing considerations with type 2 diabetes

Answer 4

• teach patient on how to take their own BG levels
• assess feet daily
• wear close toed shoes and socks
• have A1C levels checked every 3 mouths

Question 5

what is GERD

Answer 5

gastroesophageal reflux disease where the stomach acid comes back up through the esophagus, this is because the lower esophageal muscle becomes weak and doesn’t close allowing stomach secretions up

Question 6

what are the s/s of GERD

Answer 6

• heartburn
• inflammation of the voice box
• chest pain
• burning feelings in chest after eating
• regurgitation
• chronic cough

Question 7

what are some complications with GERD

Answer 7

• aspiration of the stomach acid to the lungs
• open sore in the esophagus because of the acid causing trauma to the lining of the esophagus
• narrowing esophagus because of the scaring of the esophagus it creates scar tissue which is stiff and hard making it hard to swallow or makes food feel stuck

Question 8

list some nursing interventions with GERD

Answer 8

• eat small but frequent meals
• avoid triggering foods like spicy or critics food
• after eating sit straight for 2 hours to prevent irritation

Question 9

what is the trade name for pantoprazole

Answer 9

pantoloc

Question 10

what is the drug class for pantoloc

Answer 10

proton pump inhibitor <- reduces acid build up in the stomach

Question 11

what is the action pantoloc

Answer 11

blocks the proton pump (ATPase enzyme that’s made of hydrogen and potassium) reducing acid production

Question 12

what is the TO for pantoprazole

Answer 12

reduces pain, swelling, and fullness in the upper stomach (epigastric)

Question 13

what is the use/ indication for pantoloc

Answer 13

• GERD
• acid reflux
• peptic ulcers
• long term conditions that cause over production of acid

Question 14

what are the routes for pantoloc

Answer 14

• PO
• IV

Question 15

what are the adverse effects for pantoprazole

Answer 15

• abdominal pain bc food doesn’t get digested properly
• flatulence bc of slow digestion
• headache through systemic affects meaning other parts of the body may be affected
• CDAD (c. diff associated diarrhea happens due to stomach not digesting properly allowing for bacteria to grow in that environment)

Question 16

what are some nursing interventions for pantoloc

Answer 16

• GI bc of CDAD
• electrolyte imbalance due to the excessive BM loss of sodium, potassium and magnesium
• liver tests like AST or ALT that are released once their is damage in the kidney

Question 17

list some patient teachings for pantoloc

Answer 17

• take medication 30 mins before eating meals
• hyperglycemia could be present in diabetic patients
• avoid aspirin or ibuprofen as that can cause GI upset

Question 18

what is the trade name for metformin

Answer 18

glocophage or glycon

Question 19

what is the route for metformin

Answer 19

PO

Question 20

what is the drug class for metformin

Answer 20

antidiabetic (keeps blood sugars in control)

Question 21

what is the action of metformin

Answer 21

stops liver from producing glucose so more sugar doesn’t end up in the blood stream, and increases sensitivity of fat and muscle cells to allow for glucose to enter cells and turn into energy

Question 22

what is the indication/ use for glucophage

Answer 22

type 2 diabetes

Question 23

what is the TO for glycon

Answer 23

keeps BG levels within range

Question 24

what are some adverse affects of metformin

Answer 24

• lactic acid build up of medication of not excreted by the kidneys
• metallic taste caused bc of the way it reacts with the body
• heartburn causes GI upset
• diarrhea makes peristalsis active

Question 25

what are some nursing considerations for glucophage

Answer 25

- do liver tests to assess the functioning of the liver bc if its damaged it would clean out the body from the lactic acid and build up of lactic acid can happen - A1C levels q3mo - assess for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia

Question 26

list some patient teachings for metformin

Answer 26

- monitor own blood sugar with meter - take medication in the morning to avoid nighttime lows - carry 15 g snack to treat hypoglycemia (like juice or dextrose tabs) - take with food to avoid GI upset

Question 27

what is the trade name for lactulose

Answer 27

contulose

Question 28

what is the drug class for constulose

Answer 28

laxative (promotes bowel movements by pulling water into colon)

Question 29

what is the action for lactulose explain for constipation and liver failure

Answer 29

constipation: pulls water into colon from surrounding organs making stool softer and easier to pass thru liver failure: also makes stool acidic to absorb more ammonia lowering the ammonia levels in the body

Question 30

what is the route for lactulose

Answer 30

- PO - rectal

Question 31

what is the TO for constulose

Answer 31

lowers constipation and ammonia (extra waste in body) levels in people who have liver failure

Question 32

what is the indication for lactulose

Answer 32

- constipation - liver damage that causes brain damage due to the large amounts of ammonia in the body (portal-systemic encephalopathy)

Question 33

what are the adverse affects lactulose

Answer 33

- diarrhea happen bc too much water is pulled out causing loose stools - bloating happens bc lactulose doesn't get digested by stomach but bacteria making you gassy - hypokalemia happens due to the large amounts of electrolytes leaving through the stool

Question 34

what are some nursing considerations constulose

Answer 34

- assess reason for constipation (lack of fiber, movement, or fluid) - assess for reliance pt could become dependent on medication for an easy go - assess the stool colour, pain, amount, and consistency

Question 35

what are some patient teachings for lactulose

Answer 35

- dont use at night as you will need to use the bathroom - avoid long term use as bowel tone could be lost - dont use when abdominal pain, constant unrelieved constipation and N/V present this could be obstruction of bowels