French Revolution/napoleon

Question 1

Louis XVI

Answer 1

really weak king that the first French Revolution overthrew. Very indecisive and called in estates general

Question 2

Queen Marie Antoinette

Answer 2

Wife to Louis XVI, was Austrian and lived very lavishly upsetting many French people

Question 3

Seven years war

Answer 3

Fought mainly by France vs British but started with Austria (+France, russia) against Prussia (British) over land. Brits won.

Question 4

Marquis de Lafayette

Answer 4

French General that fought with America and in revolution wrote the declaration of man and citizen. Remained loyal to Louis in first part of revolution, wanting a constitutional monarchy, head of national guard in paris and escorted king out of Versailles.

Question 5

Old regime

Answer 5

Estate 1: clergy, no taxes
2: Nobles, no taxes
3: people (peasant, merchants and bourgeois), Taxes
Each had 1 vote so people always lost.

Question 6

Bourgeois

Answer 6

Upper middle class of France, not with nobles but could technically become one. Still had to pay taxes.

Question 7

Charles de Calonne

Answer 7

Controlled finances for the king, his inability to create reform led to governmental crisis.

Question 8

Estates General

Answer 8

Meeting with all three estates. Hadn’t been called for over 100 years till louis XVI called it to fix finance problems.

Question 9

National Assembly

Answer 9

Meeting of 3rd estate after 1/2 kicked them out (tennis court oath) were they created the new constitution

Question 10

Abbe Sieyes

Answer 10

Wrote, “What is the 3rd estate”. Basically saying that we have most of the people, but no say so we should have a constitutional monarchy were we have say.

Question 11

Olympe de Gouges

Answer 11

Wrote, “ Declaration of the rights of Woman and the Female Citizen” arguing for women to be equal and have say

Question 12

Tennis court oath

Answer 12

After 1 and 2 locked 3rd out of estates general, went to nearby tennis court and vowed to create new constitution

Question 13

Fall of the bastille

Answer 13

1789, peasant and bourgeois attack bastille kill the Marquis de Launay, put his head on a spike and free 15 prisoners. Went to steal weapons and gunpowder against nobles. Showed the fall of despotism

Question 14

Great fear

Answer 14

1789, Peasants started revolting spread out of paris into countryside. Many were scared of what was happening and wanted change to fight for land. This fear was wildfire and many believed that king supported peasants taking land because he wasn’t doing anything.

Question 15

National convention

Answer 15

Call by radical Parisians to suspend monarchy, take king and create new government based on male suffrage. Was new government after paris commune took control (sans culottes), established republic led by two parties (radicals in paris and rural). Led at first by George Danton. Convention and commune split after killing king in 1793, start of counter revolt.

Question 16

Committee of public safety

Answer 16

Created by convention to deal with foreign powers and lead gov’t, lead by Danton then Robespierre. Created the people’s army

Question 17

Reign of terror

Answer 17

1793-94, A series of massacre under Robespierre and radicals, was a revolutionary fervor to kill all nobles and royalistes. Lots of guillotine but also canons and drowning.

Question 18

Sans culottes

Answer 18

A very radical group of middle class men that helped led a lot of the reign of terror and took over gov’t.

Question 19

George Danton

Answer 19

Leader of national convention was the minister of justice and helped kill lots of royalists, died by guillotine.

Question 20

Constitution of 1791

Answer 20

New gov’t with limited monarchy and legislative powers to National Assembly

Question 21

Girondins

Answer 21

French political party in national convention that was rural and didn’t want to kill king

Question 22

The mountain

Answer 22

Political party in convention that was radical, killed king and mostly in paris

Question 23

Robespierre

Answer 23

Very radical, led a lot of the killings in le terreur and was guillotined for being to radical.

Question 24

De-christianisation

Answer 24

Move by new republic gov’t and radicals to to take religion out and created new un religious calendar, but backfired as most people still catholic

Question 25

Toussaint l’ouverture

Answer 25

In saint Dominque a French colony (now Haiti), led slave revolt that succeeded, then napoleon took over but they won again and secured freedom. He led first revolt and was head of gov’t for a while.

Question 26

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 26

From Corsica a French Island, moved up through the military gaining power through his way with people and military genius. Become the consult head of the French Republic then crowned himself emperor.

Question 27

Coup of 1799

Answer 27

Overthrew the directory led by Napoleon as was seen as not really doing anything. Created the consulate.

Question 28

Autocracy

Answer 28

One person in absolute power, a dictator. What napoleon became

Question 29

Consulate 1799

Answer 29

Was the new top of the government with Napoleon has head. Was in between the revolution and Napoleon’s empire.

Question 30

Concordat of 1801

Answer 30

Agreement between Napoleon and the pope. Brought Catholicism back to France but not as a state church and allowed religious toleration.

Question 31

Napoleonic code of laws

Answer 31

Government reforms, uniform legal system, abolish serfdom, meritocracy and takes away women’s rights. Was spread to places Napoleon conquered and spread liberal ideas and reforms.

Question 32

Continental system

Answer 32

Started by Napoleon, not allowing British goods into Europe to try and hurt their economy. Didn’t work as allies resented this and didn’t follow it, also because Britain traded with the americas.

Question 33

Napoleonic wars

Answer 33

The first, 2nd, and 3rd coalitions (Prussia, Austria, Russia and Britain) against Napoleon. Napoleon won land, signing peace treaties with Austria and the others. Britain was the biggest problem that napoleon could never beat and helped lead to his downfall.