reform, Progress And Revolution

Question 1

Proletariat

Answer 1

Working class of people that are opposite the bourgeois

Question 2

Joint stock investment banks

Answer 2

Able to have large amounts of capital to invest into industry that helped start the building of railroads across Europe and the expansion of all industries.

Question 3

Karl Marx

Answer 3

German philosopher who wrote communist manifesto and support the movement of proletariat overthrow

Question 4

Friedrich Engles

Answer 4

Friend of Marx who edits the manifesto and other works. Was the finical supporter of Marx

Question 5

Communist manifesto

Answer 5

Idea that proletariat overthrows bourgeoisie and creates a classless society were everything is owned by the state

Question 6

Tariffs

Answer 6

Tax on imported goods to try and protect domestic economy so low prices doesn’t making people stop buying from home country. Started after relatively free trade of early 1800s in the 2nd wave.

Question 7

Cartel

Answer 7

A group of companies working together to reduce competition so they dont have to fight for low prices and keep them more consistent. Really big in Germany for many industries

Question 8

Revisionism (evolutionary socialism)

Answer 8

Said Marx was wrong and Middle class would grow and working conditions were getting better. Said that you could achieve socialist goals through democracy not just revolution. (Eduard Bernstein)

Question 9

Anarchism

Answer 9

Radical and said that state and gov’t should be abolished to achieve true freedom. Wanted revolution and assassinated many country leaders to try a collapse gov’t but didn’t work

Question 10

Mass society

Answer 10

Due to industrialization and population growth a betterment of living conditions for all as well as education

Question 11

Mass education

Answer 11

Everyone gets elementary education that is provided by the government which brings up literacy and creates a more skilled work force

Question 12

Mass leisure

Answer 12

Because of higher wages more money and time to spend. Creates a more shared culture and included things like sports and dance halls.

Question 13

Charles X

Answer 13

King of France from 1824 to 1830 didn’t respond to suffrage attempts and was overthrown by angry middle class after an economic depression.

Question 14

Louis Phillipe

Answer 14

Replaced Charles X and worked as a constitutional monarch in support of bourgeoise. Hurt middle class and didn’t reform to support lower classes so was taken out.

Question 15

Reform act of 1832

Answer 15

GB, gave urban cities more power by getting rid of rotten boroughs and lessen property qualifications but no help to working class.

Question 16

Revolution of 1830

Answer 16

France, Overthrow Charles X to get a constitution monarchy that supports people (actually bourgeoisie)

Question 17

Revolutions of 1848

Answer 17

In France overthrow Louis Phillipe for a republic that elects a Bonaparte. Also leads to upheavals in Germany states, Austrian empire and Italian states that dont really Succeed.

Question 18

Poor act of 1834

Answer 18

GB, To try and handle poor workers by created housing for them but they have extremely bad conditions. The idea is that you can’t give them good support or they become lazy.

Question 19

Anti Corn law 1846

Answer 19

Repeal corn laws that put tariffs and taxes on wheat to bring prices down and increase free trade. Done by PM Robert peel despite it being against his political parties ideals.

Question 20

Tories

Answer 20

Conservative in England that weren’t really for reforms to increase voters or supporting new industrialists/working class. Against the Whigs who were more liberal and consisted of new industrial middle class.

Question 21

Grossdeutsch

Answer 21

In Germanic states during 1848 that wanted a United Germany that included Austria

Question 22

Kleindeutsch

Answer 22

Germany 1848, group that didn’t want Austria in United Germany

Question 23

Giuseppe Mazzini

Answer 23

Nationalist in Italy who created Young Italy and dreamt of a United Italy

Question 24

Napoleon III

Answer 24

New emperor of France after 1830 revolution and overthrow of louis Phillipe in 1848. As a dictator promoted industrialization, rebuilt paris but kept power to him self (not to representative body). Failed in foreign policy because of Mexico and fought in Crimean war against Russia.

Question 25

Crimean War

Answer 25

Started with Russia taking land from weakened Ottoman Empire then France and Britain declare war on Russia afraid they will gain to much land and power. Despite promise Austria (Russia had helped Austria earlier) doesn’t support Russia making Russia sign treaty of Paris in humiliation and not gaining any land. Concert of Europe is done.

Question 26

Battle of Balaklava

Answer 26

1854 Crimean war, Britain against Russia, GB lost a lot of life due to big mistake in light brigade. GB control Balaclava.

Question 27

Count Camilo di Cavour

Answer 27

In piedmont Italy with the help of the king Emmanuel II start of Italian Unification. Worked to support Army and make sure France helped them against Austria. However France didn’t and they only gained one territory.

Question 28

Zollverein

Answer 28

Created by Frederick List in German states was an agreement between states to work together economically putting tariffs on outside goods but free trade in German confederation. Early step to unification.

Question 29

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 29

PM in Germany that was extremely conservative and controlled German history till 1890. Only did what would absolutely work

Question 30

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer 30

Italian Nationalist who lead southern Italy wanted a different government than Mazzini but yielded to him in hopes to unite Italy anyways.

Question 31

Realpolitik

Answer 31

Big with Bismarck, idea that you should only do what would work in your favor, a realist

Question 32

Danish war

Answer 32

1864, Bismarck gains 2 German duchies with the help of Austria giving one to them. Creates friction between Austria and Prussia but also starts to isolate them (no help from Denmark)

Question 33

Austro-Prussian War of 1866

Answer 33

Lead by Bismarck but first made sure France and Russia are neutral and alliance with Italy after promise of land. Took Austria out of German affairs. Allowed Bismarck to make the taxes he wanted and showed how authoritarian and nationalism can work together.

Question 34

Franco-Prussian war

Answer 34

1870-71, possible king of Spain related to Prussian King so France doesn’t want that. Attacks but Napoleon III is captured and exiled. France gives up land and South Germany joins German confederation (contains Prussia as well) making them a new strong power.

Question 35

Darwinism

Answer 35

Started with Charles Darwin and theory of evolution and natural selection. Ideas of survival of the fittest and how humans aren’t different in since of origins compared to other animals. Gets rid of unique design

Question 36

Realism

Answer 36

Everything through natural forces not emotion, or spiritual.