Unit 4

Question 1

Witch craze

Answer 1

Killing of mostly women due to belief they did heresy and activities with the devil. Grew because of religious uncertainty (Catholics vs. Protestant)

Question 2

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 2

In the Holy Roman Empire by Charles V that was religious tolerance. German princes could choose Lutheranism or Catholicism.

Question 3

30 year war phases

Answer 3

1: Bohemia: local, religous
2: Danish
3: Swedish: contential
4: French: political

Question 4

Letter of majesty (1609)

Answer 4

Signed by German prince in Bohemia that gave religious tolerance to Protestants and Catholics

Question 5

Defenestration of Prague

Answer 5

Catholic officials sent by Ferdinand are thrown out the window by Protestants helping escalate the 30 year war.

Question 6

Battle of white mountain

Answer 6

During 30yr war first phase, Catholics won with help of Albrecht Von Wallenstein. Protestants and Frederick V lost.

Question 7

Battle of Rocroi

Answer 7

During last phase of 30yr war. French won against Spanish making them lose more power.

Question 8

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 8

Ended the 30yr war between France and Germany. Gave princes in the Holy Roman Empire ability to chose religion and control over state (autonomy)

Question 9

Fronde

Answer 9

The French nobility against Louis XIV who caused uprisings against the monarch.

Question 10

Edict of Nantes

Answer 10

Religious tolerance to Huguenots (P) but Catholic is preferred, ends violence in France. Politique from Henry IV (Navarre)

Question 11

Edict of Fontainebleau

Answer 11

From Louis XIV, Opposite of Nantes and says that everyone has to be catholic

Question 12

Wars of Louis XIV

Answer 12

Spanish War of Succession: worry over louis getting Spain and France after Charles II died
War of league of Augsburg: against Spain and HRE
Wars put France into debt and increase famine

Question 13

Treaty of Utrecht

Answer 13

End Spanish succession war (1715)

Question 14

Time of troubles

Answer 14

In Russia when they didm’t know who was Tsar. There were false Dmitry’s because the real one was killed. After Ivan killed his son and died.

Question 15

Azov Campaign

Answer 15

Peter the great wanted access to Black Sea so fought Turks. While he gained it then he lost it in a later war.

Question 16

Beard Tax

Answer 16

Peter the great cut off peoples beards to try and westernize Russia. People started to dislike the west because of this.

Question 17

English Civil War

Answer 17

James I wants to be absolute but fights parliament so does Charles I who is next. He gets killed and Oliver Cromwell takes over, creating a dictatorship. After he dies people want monarchy back, Charles II comes but didn’t get along with parliament. James II also isn’t liked because he liked Catholics. William of Orange and Mary come in and take over, but understand power so everything is okay.

Question 18

Gustavus Adolphus

Answer 18

Head of Swedish army and invades HRE in support of protestants in 30yr war. Master of military and gets them very far, till his death.

Question 19

Ferdinand II

Answer 19

King of HRE when 30 year was going on. His officials get defenestrated.

Question 20

Louis XIII

Answer 20

King of France in the 30yr war. Son of Henry IV (Navarre)

Question 21

Charles V

Answer 21

King of HRE and Spain that splits it into 2 rulers. Does the Peace of Augsburg giving religious tolerance.

Question 22

Christian IV of Denmark

Answer 22

Attacks HRE in 30yr war for protestants during the Danish phase.gets pushed back by Catholics.

Question 23

Bourbon dynasty

Answer 23

Started in France with Henry IV (Navarre)

Question 24

Streltsys

Answer 24

In russia, the Guardsmen. Also a group of people that tried to rise in favor of Peter the greats sister but were beat down by his new huge army

Question 25

Boyars

Answer 25

Russian NObles

Question 26

Hohenzollern Dynasty

Answer 26

Started Prussia after HRE fell

Question 27

Frederick William the Great Elector

Answer 27

Prussia Monarch that created standing army and made it so nobles couldn’t run gov’t but had power over peasants.

Question 28

Junkers

Answer 28

Nobles in Prussia

Question 29

Stuart Monarchy

Answer 29

In England James I started it after Elizabeth I

Question 30

Long parliament

Answer 30

The cavalier parliment fighting with Charles I

Question 31

Rump Parliment p

Answer 31

Wanted to get Charles I out of England and disperses with Oliver after he wants more power. Basically cromwell’s parliament

Question 32

Roundheads

Answer 32

In England support Nobles

Question 33

Petition of right

Answer 33

1628, English Parliament makes it so no random acts of treason. Gives power back to them

Question 34

Cavaliers

Answer 34

Support king in England

Question 35

Russian Synod

Answer 35

Peter the great used his one people to head Orthodox Church

Question 36

Table of Ranks

Answer 36

In russia, was order of Russian nobles that gave promotions more based on merit (like army service and civil). Started by Peter the Great

Question 37

Magna Carta

Answer 37

In England, written in 1215. Limited a monarchs power so they weren’t above the law.

Question 38

Albrecht Von Wallenstein

Answer 38

Fought for Catholics under the HRE during the 30 years war. Was a little to successful in defeated the protestants so got assassinated.

Question 39

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 39

Under Louis XIV, supported absolutism and sent intendants out to strengthen

Question 40

Cardinal Marzin

Answer 40

After Richelieu, faced problems with the fronde.

Question 41

Louis XIV

Answer 41

The sun king, that is the definition of absolutism in FRance. Took power through Versailles and had lots of wars.

Question 42

Romanov Dynasty

Answer 42

Put in place after the time of troubles in Russia.

Question 43

Ivan the great

Answer 43

Ivan III was the first Russian King to use the title of Tsar. Reigned from 1462-1505.

Question 44

Janissaries

Answer 44

Ottoman Muslim Turks who were really devoted to empire and were an outstanding Military.

Question 45

Peter the Great

Answer 45

Russian Tsar who westernized Russia with things like the beard tax and fighting the Swedes for warm water port.

Question 46

Frederick William I- Soldier King

Answer 46

In Prussia, had an obsession with military. He transformed Prussia from a 2nd rate power to become prosperous.

Question 47

Glorious Revolution

Answer 47

Under William III (orange) and Mary II, made England more stable after Civil wars. Worked well with Parliament (understood power) after attacking England to gain power (which was welcomed).

Question 48

Rise of Prussia

Answer 48

Starting with the Hohenzollerns and Frederick II (The great elector) used Military to become power because they were land locked. Fixed problem with nobles by giving them power over serfdom and levying taxes.

Question 49

James I

Answer 49

King of England and pushed for absolutism, parliament isn’t happy because he doesn’t follow Magna Carta. Uses lots of money and puts into debt.

Question 50

Charles I

Answer 50

After James I (1625-49), also tries to be define. Ends parliament, parliament creates petition of right to prohibit him. Marries daughter to a catholic which makes people question his religious beliefs. He is killed by Cromwell and taken over.

Question 51

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 51

Removes the king and tries to make a common wealth. Want to take more power and becomes dictatorship. Faces opposition

Question 52

Charles II

Answer 52

Asked to come back after Cromwell (1660), had some problems with parliament over religion. Wasn’t absolute.

Question 53

James II

Answer 53

Tries to bring back monarchy and religious problems with parliament. Gets replaced

Question 54

William III and Mary II House of Orange

Answer 54

Replace James II in England after invading. Understand there power and co rule. Start the glorious Revolution and create English Bill of rights.