Reaction, Revolution And Romanticism

Question 1

Klemens Von Metternich

Answer 1

Austrian head of foreign affairs, created the congress of Vienna in reaction to FR.rev. Very conservative as he hates democracy and loves monarchy. Helped to crush any nationalism and democracy in Europe.

Question 2

Congress of Vienna

Answer 2

With Austria, Prussia, Britain and Russia to redraw Europe. Made Prussia and Austria bigger (taking Germ. States and Aus gets It. City states). Russia gets Poland and the creation of the German confederation. Kingdom of Netherlands also created to keep balance of power. All to keep France surrounded.

Question 3

Concert of Europe

Answer 3

The political order created from the congress of Vienna to balance power and stop revolutions across Europe. To maintain status quo. France eventually added to alliance

Question 4

Quadruple Alliance

Answer 4

Countries that fought against napoleon and created congress, Austria, Prussia, Russia and Britain.

Question 5

Principle of Legitimacy

Answer 5

By Metternich, The idea that Monarchy is only legit gov’t, creating monarchy in France/spain and giving Poland to Austria,Prussia and most to Russia

Question 6

Principle of Intervention

Answer 6

By Metternich, Idea that powerful countries could intervene in others affairs to stop revolutions and keep monarchy. Sent troops to Naples, Spain and France. Tried to in Latin America but England stopped them.

Question 7

Balance of power

Answer 7

Not one country to powerful as to maintain status quo of no revolution/war.

Question 8

Conservatism

Answer 8

Against ideals of French Revolution, no Democracy as it hurts people, only monarchy is good gov’t.

Question 9

Liberalism

Answer 9

People should be free from gov’t restraint, Lassiez Faire, supported by enlightenment and working class men. Protect liberties, religious tolerance and separation of church and state but limited sufferage (no low class or women)

Question 10

Socialism

Answer 10

In response to Industrial Revolution/slums/poverty. Idea that everyone should work together and with same conditions.

Question 11

Utopian socialists

Answer 11

Believed everyone could work together in same conditions without greed, wanted to creating cities where this was the case. People like Fourier and Flora Tristan.

Question 12

Romanticism

Answer 12

Art movement challenging enlightenment moving away from reason and towards feeling/emotion. Focus on nature, heroes, love, etc.

Question 13

Mary Shelley

Answer 13

Wrote Frankenstein which is a great example of reaction to enlightenment and fear of change/science. Was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft but never met her.

Question 14

Edgar Allen Poe

Answer 14

Example of Gothic literature, with unusual and horror stories.

Question 15

Caspar David Friedrich

Answer 15

Painter, saw nature as divine and that art was based on one’s feelings. Lots of landscapes.

Question 16

JMW Turner

Answer 16

Landscapes concerned with the industrial killing nature and that we will lose sight of natures beauty. Convert moods, not realistic.

Question 17

Eugene Delacroix

Answer 17

Painter who used lots of color, theatrics and movement. Loved the exotic and put eroticism in his art which was controversial.

Question 18

Ludwig Beethoven

Answer 18

Bridge between Classical and Romantic. Created lots of music with deep feeling. Slowly went deaf.

Question 19

Hector Berlioz

Answer 19

Start of Program music which was telling a story with emotion through music. Created Symphonies Fantastique while he was in an opium dream.

Question 20

Urbanization

Answer 20

Process of people moving from rural areas working on farms to living in cities working in factories

Question 21

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 21

Starting in England, changing to more affective farming with things like 4 field system (instead of 3) and selective breeding. Creates more food quicker

Question 22

Cottage industry

Answer 22

Process of merchants giving a house raw material that family than creates a product with and the merchant gives them money and sells the new good.

Question 23

Enclosure act

Answer 23

England, process of once free farm land turned into private property. Process towards more capitalist society but also put many peasants out of work and food

Question 24

Spinning Jenny

Answer 24

James Hargreaves, machine that spun wool and cotton faster and more efficient than by hand in 1767

Question 25

Water frame

Answer 25

By Richard Arkwright in 1775, spun large quantities of cotton yarn powered by water.

Question 26

Power loom

Answer 26

By Edmund Cartwright in 1785 that automated the weaving process of cotton transforming the textile industry

Question 27

Steam engine

Answer 27

By James Watts used in all types of industries a way to power machines with steam and coal. One of the most important in the Industrial Revolution.

Question 28

Proletariat

Answer 28

Working class that developed in the 1800s

Question 29

Pig Iron

Answer 29

Iron that wasn’t always the best or most refined as was brittle

Question 30

Wrought Iron

Answer 30

Came from pig iron but was more useful and refined as wasn’t brittle and used a lot in the Industrial Revolution until steel.

Question 31

Steam Locomotive

Answer 31

By Richard Trevithick was the start of cars and faster transportation powered by steam engine.

Question 32

Manchester

Answer 32

One of the centers of industrialization in England, had lots of canals and raw materials. Richard Arkwright opened his first cotton factory here. Shows the rapid growth and factories of the age. Was the first industry city in England

Question 33

Great Exhibition of 1851

Answer 33

By England to show rest of world how they were number one in industry. Showed how they had beat nature and lead the world. In the crystal place which was a huge glass building to show prowess.

Question 34

Tariffs

Answer 34

A tax on goods from other countries (imports). Goal in Industrial Revolution to get country to make more goods at home instead of buy from England