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Australian Wildife Biology > Frogs (lecture 9) > Flashcards

Frogs (lecture 9) Flashcards

1
Q

heretology

A

-the study or seeking explanation of reptiles and amphibians or creepy things

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2
Q

three orders of amphibians

A

anura
urodela
gymnophiona

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3
Q

urodela

A

-visible tail
-salamanders
-northern hemisphere in origin
Axoloti-only animal you can get in Australia legally
-smooth newt
-European species
-can be bought in pet stores
-member of order in Australia

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4
Q

anura

A
  • no tail
  • only order that occur naturally in Australia
  • shorter skin, more terrestrial
  • no native species of toads in Australia
  • only have frogs
  • located worldwide
  • single specie in Australia (cane toad)
    • used to maintain agricultural pest
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5
Q

gymnophiona

A
  • caecilians(legless)
  • naked snakes (don’t have scales)
  • live underground
  • prevalent in South America
  • no little about it
  • live in tropical areas
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6
Q

frog life cycle

A

occupy two ecological niches
-land and water

in water
-are eggs for a few days to weeks

  • as tadpoles eat phytoplankton and algae
  • last 10 days to 2 yrs

on land

  • metamorph into little tail frog
  • nonfeeding for 3-10 days
  • frog
  • survival age is much greater(10-85%)
  • carnivorous adult
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7
Q

frogs

A
  • can lay up to 40,000 eggs in the summer
  • eggs stay in water and start to divide
  • only tadpoles are glossy black

only sabdi don’t go through tadpole stage
-exception to traditional frogs

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8
Q

biology and diversity of Australian amphibians

A
  • soft, moist permeable skin
  • stay out to long will die
  • cannot absorb heat from the sun
  • sunshine protects them from fungal infections
  • adults are often nocturnally active
  • ectotherms-do best in warm environments
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9
Q

diversity of Australian frogs

A
  • hot and humid

- higher diversity in area with high rainfall and humidity

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10
Q

endemism

A
  • region where only certain species occur
  • follow richness patterns
  • tropics
  • tolerate arid conditions through episodic rainfall
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11
Q

order:Anura

A
  • 23 families globally
  • 4 native to Australia
  • 2 different distributions
  • been there for a long time so was able to diversify
  • newer arrivals less distributed
  • less prevalent in the north but a lot of endemism in the north
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12
Q

4 native Anura families

A

myobatrachidae
hylidae
microhylidae
ranidae

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13
Q

myobatrachidae

A
  • sourthern frogs
  • Gondwanan origin
  • quite diverse
  • 112 species
  • 20 genera
  • metatarsal tubercules allows them to borrow
  • found only in Australia
  • wide range of morphological, ecological, and development, and developmental specialisations

ex.
corroboree frog
-quite endangered
-climate change and fungus tend to pose the problem

barred from
-stream barriers

turtle frog
-bury eggs underground

sunset frog
-endangered

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14
Q

hylidae

A
  • tree frog
  • worldwide distribution
  • most in Australia and South America
  • vary quite considerably
  • 73 species
  • 3 genera
  • located in Northern Australia
  • not many in arid region
  • wide range of morphological and ecological specialisations

ex.
green tree frog
-found all over the place

brown tree frog

growling grass frog
-under concern

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15
Q

hylidae genius

A

litoria
cyclorana
microhylidae
coph

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16
Q

litoria

A

largest hylidae in the world

17
Q

cyclorana

A
  • some are burrowing

- located in arid regions

18
Q

nyctimystes dayi

A
  • New Guniea group
  • vertical pupil
  • laced lower eyelid
  • located in wet tropics
19
Q

microhylidae

A
  • 2 genera of the 67 genera in Australia
  • egg laid in terrestrial nest
  • males babysit the eggs
  • endemism is very high
  • very diverse in South America, Africa, and southeast Asia
20
Q

cophixalus

A
  • in Queensland
  • very little is known
  • occur at higher elevation
  • bypass tadpole stage
  • going to have to shift upward to cooler region as climate change occurs
21
Q

ranidae

A
  • true frog
  • common everywhere
  • widespread in the northern hemisphere
  • found in eastern northern territroy
  • 1 Australian specie
  • wood frog
  • distinct dorsal lateral fold
  • paired vocal sacs(different to the singular one in all other frogs)
22
Q

amphibian

A

-means double life

23
Q

amplexus

A

describes the sexual clasping of amphibians preceeding egg laying and fertilization

Australian Wildife Biology (22 decks)

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