Straws are not to be given to clients
Swallowing issues
Pain mess are given 30 min before or after meal
30 minutes before meal
In between meals supplements and snacks are only given if
MD order
Adequate intake of fluids help prevent
Renal calculus
Constipation
Dehydration
Restriction of fluids is a therapeutic diet given to PTs with
CHF
Renal clients
Polydipsia
When feeding a blind pt
Use plate as clock to facilitate food location
Swallowing disorder
Dysphagia
Passing urine
Micturition
Types of wastes
Blood filter
Water
Co2
Solid waste
Full Average output for adults
500-2400 mL/day
Less than normal urine is formed during hot days and
Exercise
Fever
Less urine is secreted when kidneys function and circulation is impaired due to
Retention of water
Name two dz that increases urine output
DM- diabetes mellitus
DI- diabetes insipidus
Urge to void is triggered when bladder is full with
250mL of urine
Bladder can hold up to
400-500mL
Signs of diabetes
Polydipsia
Polyurea
P
To maintain fluid balance a person needs how much water daily
6-8 oz of water daily
An excess of body fluids that collects in tissues and causes puffiness (over hydration )
Edema
Fresh urine color
Light yellow
Amber
Overhydrated urine color
Dilute
Very light
Dehydrated urine color
Dark and more concentrated
When urine stands for too long it becomes
Cloudy
Cloudy urine may contain
Bacteria
Blood
Mucous
Pus
Diluted urine smells
Less odor
Concentrated urine smells
Stronger
When exposed to air urine decomposes emmiting what type of odor
Ammonia smell
If fresh urine smells offensive or fowl this could signify an
Infection
If urine has a fruity smell this could signify
Diabetes
High sugars
Average urine output daily
250-400mL daily
Average normal weight of urine
1.010-1.025
Specific weight of water
1.000
Tells is the ability of the renal tubules to concentrate and dilute urine
Specific gravity
Urine PH is 4.5-6.5 making it
Acidic
Why is urine acidic
To help control bacterial growth
Urine dipstick measures what 7 things
PH Specific gravity Ketones WBCs RBCs Nitrites Protein
Over hydration Using diuretics Liver disorders Hepatitis Cirrhosis Urine type
Clear
Colorless
Bright neon yellow urine is an effect of taking
Vitamin supplements
When finding pyuria, blood, epithelial cells, Leukocytes or kidney stones in urine the urine looks
Cloudy
Green urine indicates
Pseudomonas infection
Bile pigments
Dark yellow gold urine indicates
Low fluid intake
Dehydration
Bile
Kidneys inability to dilute urine
When urine is pink or red this indicates
Hematuria
Laxatives
Certain red foods
All dark urine can be the cause of
Dehydration
Drugs such as rifampin , warfarin, doxorubicin , phenazopyrodine along with food coloring a can make urine
Orange red brown
Blue green urine indicates
Meds: amitriptyline indomethacin
Or foods like asparagus
When finding Chile Prostatic fluids Yeast infection Urine is
Brown yellow
Hematuria Liver disorders Iron Typhus infection Methylene blue Makes urine
Dark brown black urine
Painful or burning sensation when eliminating usually due to infection can also feel pains in pelvis
Dysuria
Frequent or repeated voiding during the night
Nocturia
Involuntary voiding in bed most common in children
Enuresis
Increase in average amounts of urine greater than 2,500mL per day
Polyuria
Polyuria is common in what diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Kidney disease
Loss off urine from bladder
Inability to hold urine
Incontinence
The stopping or inhibition of urination
Urinary suppression
A decrease of urine output less than 500mL a day
Oliguria
Total absence of urine less than 100mL / day
Anuria
Signs of failing kidneys
Anuria Edema Dim vision Puffiness Dizzy Headache
Inability to empty bladder even when trying
Urinary retention
To check for urinary retention nurse must
Palate lower abdomen looking for distention
Causes of urinary retention
Parkinson's Diabetes Mess Muscles Spinal cord trauma Enlarged prostate gland
Signs of urinary retention
Distention
Dribbling
When MO contaminate the urinary tract through openings
Urinary tract infections
Urinary tract infections are more common in women bc
Urethra is shorter
Inflammation if urethra
Urethritis
Inflammation of bladder
Cystitis
Inflammation of kidneys
Nephritis
Pyelonephritis
Renal calculi
Kidney stones
Bladder stones are called
Cystic calculi
Are kidney stones familial
Yea
When kidney stone becomes lodged in ureter and can cause extreme pain in lower back
Renal colic
End products of metabolism
Feces
A small silicone device used in place of gastronomy tube
Button feeding device
Tube for feeding placed through the skin
PEG
Tube for feeding through the nose to mouth
Nasogastric
Inserted into stomach tube feeding
Gastrostomy
Residual I one should not exceed
50mL
High ruin alkaline PH could mean
Kidney stones
Store enemas at what temperature
Room temp
Place client in what position for a retention enema
Knee chest
Retention enemas are held
25-30 minutes
Hat device is used to test specific gravity of urine
Urinometer
Hydrometer
Liner with edema should need what type of diet
Sodium controlled
Gelatin can be used as what diet
Clear liquid diet
Yellowish brown stool is
Normal
Gray stool indicates
Bike is missing
Gall bladder disease
Dark black tarry stool
Melena
Hemorrhage
Bright red stool
Rectal or anal bleeding
Hemmed puss
Yellow green stool
MO infection if a person holds in their stool it can cause constipation
Pencil like stools suggest
Narrowing of rectum and anal
Less dense stool suggests
Undigested fats
Pus or mucus in stool indicates
Inflammation or infection
Steatorhea
Stools with high fat content
Melena
Low intestinal hemorrhage
Black stool is what type of hemorrhage?
High intestinal
Normal bowel sounds per minute
4-32 per minute
Abdominal signs and symptoms check
Auscultation
Palpate
Client needs what for BRP
Md order
Fracture Ben pan used for patients
Fractured hips and have trouble lifting hips
Pediatric pan given to
Children
Starter used one time to collect specimen
Straight catheter
Foley catheter
Retention catheter
Indwelling catheters are
Two lumen catheters with balloon to hold in bladder
Inserted through abdominal wall above the symphysis pubis into bladder
Supra public catheter
Held in bladder by hook or mushroom
Supra public catheter
catheters for spinal cord injuries
Supra pubic catheters
Hanging bag below bladder is called
Straight gravity drainage
Check catheter every
4 hours
Once a day wash leg drainage bag in
Soapy warm water
Foods that lead to incontinence
Soda Coffee tea Chocolate Acidic fruits Pizza sauce Milk products Artificial sweeteners
Enemy given so that flares is expelled from intestine 5-10 minutes
Carminative enema
Enema that helps destroy intestinal parasites
Hold as long as possible
Anthelmintic enema
Contains a small amount of olive oil or cottonseed oil given to smooth mucous membrane in colon
Emollient
Contains a small amount of oil given in small amounts to be retained for 25-30 minutes
Oil retention enema
Insert drugs into rectum
Medicated enema
Digital removal of feces is contraindicated for PTs with
Adrian conditions Reproductive surgery Abdominoperitineal repair Rectal surgery Genitourinary surgery Pregnant women Radioactive Anti cancer drugs
Harrish flush
Elevating bag
Lowering bag
Repeat
Used to expel flatus
Client with frequent skin irritating diarrhea
Use fecal incontinence pouch
Sputum collection will require what type of protection
Mask and eye protection
Specimen hat
Urinary hat
Toilet hat
Half pen
Measures output
Extremely concentrated urine at PH 1.025 indicates
Dehydration
Fluid retention edema
Low specific gravity 1.010 indicates
Diabetes mellitus
Too much diuretic Meds
Guiac test
Hematest
Hemoccult
Tests blood in stool
O&P tests are for
Parasites and eggs
guaic test can show a false positive when pt
Eats lots of red meat and takes lots of vitamin C
Lavage
Remove toxins from stomach
Gavage
Giving to stomach