Fundamental Concepts

Question 1

What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?

Answer 1

A sign is objective evidence of disease

A symptom is subjective evidence of disease; it is a something only the patient can sense, e.g. a headache.

Question 2

What is the difference between prognosis and diagnosis?

Answer 2

Prognosis is the forecasting of the probable course and outcome of a disease, especially of the chances of recovery.

A diagnosis is the process of determining the nature of a diseased condition and labeling it

Question 3

What are the five basic types of pathogens?

Answer 3

Prions (malformed proteins in neurons)

Viruses (DNA or RNA that takes over a host cell and uses the cell to make more viruses)

Bacteria (single-cells microorganisms that can survive outside of the host)

Fungi (yeasts and molds)

Animal Parasites (Uni- or multicellular annals that live on or in the host)

Question 4

What is the difference between cleaning and sanitation?

Answer 4

Cleaning removes soil

Sterilization is designed to prevent disease by creating a highly clean environment.

Question 5

What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection?

Answer 5

Disinfection kills MOST pathogens with chemical or physical agents.

Sterilization destroys ALL pathogens using high temperatures, pressurized steam or pressurized chemicals.

Question 6

Is sweat potentially infectious?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What are some potentially infectious body fluids?

Answer 7

Blood, stool, mucous, semen, vomit, tears, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid

Saliva and urine are is not infectious in themselves unless they carry other infectious fluids.

Question 8

True or false: Hot water with antimicrobial soap is the method the CDC recommends.

Answer 8

False. The CDC recommends washing for 30 seconds under Warm (not Hot) water with plain (not anti microbial) liquid soap.

Question 9

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Answer 9

To protect the body from pathogenic invasion, to limit the range of contamination, and to prepare the damaged tissue for healing.

Question 10

What should be done for a massage client that is taking an NSAID prior to treatment?

Answer 10

Schedule the massage when the NDAID is at its lowest activity. In this way it is possible to the most accurate feedback from the client’s tissues.

Question 11

What kind of massage is effective for acute inflammation without infection?

Answer 11

Lymphatic

Question 12

Subacute or chronic inflammation responds well to what kind of massage?

Answer 12

Swedish or other light massage that improves circulation.

Question 13

Acute

Answer 13

Rapid onset, brief, severe

Question 14

Chronic

Answer 14

Prolonged, long-term, usually of low intensity

Question 15

Complication

Answer 15

A process or event that occurs during the course of a disease that is not an essential part of the disease

Question 16

Contraindicated

Answer 16

Describing an intervention that may have a negative outcome in a given condition

Question 17

Demographic

Answer 17

An identified group of people about which information is gathered

Question 18

Diagnosis

Answer 18

The determination of the nature of a disease, injury or defect

Question 19

Define Epidemic

Answer 19

Widespread outbreak of a contagious disease

Question 20

Define Endemic

Answer 20

A pattern of disease incidence that is limited to a particular population or area

Question 21

Define Idiopathic

Answer 21

A disease of unknown origin

Question 22

Incidence vs. Prevalence

Answer 22

Incidence: The rate at which a disease is spreading during a specific period within a specific population

Prevalence: The tots number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific period; the proportion of people affected

Question 23

Lesion

Answer 23

A prolific change in tissue

Question 24

Indication

Answer 24

The basis for an intervention that is likely to have a positive outcome in a give condition

Question 25

Morbidity

Answer 25

Death rate from a specific disease

Question 26

Pandemic

Answer 26

A contagious disease affecting the global population

Question 27

Prognosis

Answer 27

Expected outcome of a disease or disorder

Question 28

Sign

Answer 28

An objectively observable indication of a a disease or disorder

Question 29

Stenosis

Answer 29

Abnormal narrowing of any canal or orifice

Question 30

Subacute

Answer 30

A stage in healing between acute and chronic. It is also called the proliferation stage. Specific cells accumulate and work to fill in damaged tissue. It may last 2-3 weeks.

Question 31

Systemic

Answer 31

A collection of signs and symptoms associated with a specific disease process