Fundamentals Flashcards
1
Q
Most significant mountain range?
A
The Pirineos
2
Q
Five primary rivers?
A
Tajo/Tagus River, Ebro River, Duero River, Guadiana River and Guadalquivir.
3
Q
Who introduced the vine to the Iberian Peninsula?
A
The Phoenetians
4
Q
Who introduced large vats for crushing and fermentation and small oak barrels?
A
Luciano Murrieta (Marques de Murrieta)
5
Q
Name one of Spain’s most iconic wineries?
A
Vega Sicilia
6
Q
Who created the first Spanish Sparkling wine?
A
Raventós
7
Q
When did Rioja declare a Vintage of the Century?
A
1970
8
Q
Spain is divided into how many autonomous communities?
A
17
9
Q
Spain is the ___ largest country in Europe?
A
3rd
10
Q
Spain is the ___ most mountainous and ___ highest country in Europe
A
3rd and 2nd
11
Q
Spain is the ___ highest country in Europe
A
2nd
12
Q
Name of the Central Plateau?
A
The Meseta
13
Q
Madrid sits in the middle of?
A
The Meseta
14
Q
Mountain range forming a natural border between Spain and France
A
The Pirineos
15
Q
What is Spain’s highest peak?
A
Pico del Teide in Las Islas Canarias
16
Q
Most significant lowland areas?
A
The Ebro Basin and the Andalusian plain
17
Q
Mainland Spain is bordered by which primary bodies of water?
A
The Bay of Biscay, Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea
18
Q
Categories of soil?
A
metamorphic, sedimentary and volcanic
19
Q
Sedimentary rocks are formed by?
A
water or wind deposits
20
Q
Limestone is a kind of
A
Sedimentary soil
21
Q
What is chalk?
A
porous type of limestone
22
Q
Ideal soils for Tempranillo?
A
Limestone and Chalk
23
Q
Parts of Spain composed of sedimentary soils?
A
Madrid, La Mancha and the majority of Cataluña
24
Q
Type of soil in Jerez
A
Albariza
25
Albariza has the ability to?
Retain water
26
The soils of Rias Baixas are?
Granite
27
Wines produced in volcanic soils have
Pronounced aromatics
28
Metamorphic rocks are?
substances that have been modified by heat and pressure while buried below the surface of the earth.
29
Metamorphic rocks are found in?
```
Galicia,
Pais Vasco,
Castilla y Leon,
some Rioja,
Aragon,
Navarra
and parts of Cataluña
Mostly where mountains are
```
30
Types of Metamorphic rocks
slate and schist
31
Where is llicorella found?
Priorat
32
Where is Priorat?
Cataluña
33
What makes llicorella unique?
makes the vines struggle since they must dig deep for moisture and nutrients
34
How many climatic zones is mainland Spain divided into?
3
35
What are mainland Spain's 3 climatic zones?
Maritime, Continental, and Mediterranean
36
Green Spain climate
Maritime
37
Wettest area in Spain
Green Spain
38
Green Spain is made up of
Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria & Pais Vasco
39
Climate in Central part (The Meseta)?
Continental
40
Parts of Central part (The Meseta)?
Castilla La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Comunidad de Madrid, Extremadura and parts of Aragon and Navarra
41
Which part of Spain has the widest diurnal and seasonal variations?
La Meseta (Central)
42
Mediterranean climatic zones stretch from
the Andalusian plain along the southern and eastern coast to the Pirineos
43
What is the Leveche?
hot, dry dust southwest wind from North Africa that affects Central Spain
44
To be considered for a promotion to DOCa/DOQ, how many years must the region be a DO?
Min. 10
45
What is the time before release for a traditional Reserva rosado?
24 months
46
When was the Spanish Denominación de Origen system established by the Wine Statute?
1932
47
Where was the use of drip irrigation pioneered in the 1970s?
Estate of Marqués de Griñón (VP Dominio de Valdepusa)
48
Which three autonomous regions in Spain produce approximately 60% of the wine?
Castilla la Mancha, Cataluña and Rioja
49
Where in Spain is the largest expanse of Malvasia vineyards in Europe?
Lanzarote (Las Islas Canarias)
50
Longest river in Iberian Peninsula
The Tajo
51
Name the clay jars that historically were used to ferment grape must.
Tinajas
52
What is the highest peak in the Pirineos?
Aneto in Aragon
53
What additional piece of information must be present on a label for a sparkling wine compared to a still wine?
Sugar content
54
Which major river flows into the Mediterranean Sea rather than westward into the Atlantic?
Ebro
55
What is the Spanish name for the mixture of yeast and sugar used to initiate a second fermentation in a vino espumoso?
Licor de tiraje
56
Name the three primary vine training systems used in Spain.
Pergola or parral, en vaso (gobelet) y espaldera
57
Under Vino de Pago (VP), a Pago has the ability to set its own production rules and standards. True or False?
True
58
What is the climate of Las Islas Canarias?
Subtropical
59
Who started Vega Sicilia in 1864, with cuttings of Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, and Merlot?
Eloy Lecanda
60
How many years must a Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VC) exist before applying for promotion to DO status?
5
61
Which method of trellising allows drip irrigation to be installed?
Espaldera
62
What are Spain's three most populated cities?
Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia
63
What vine planting method utilizes a chessboard-like pattern in the warmest parts of the country?
Marco Real
64
What are four quality standards set by the Consejo Regulador to become a DO?
Use of authorized grape varieties, production levels, winemaking methods, and aging times.
65
What are the two primary grapes used for vinos rosados?
Garnacha Tinta, Tempranillo
66
What are the two significant lowland areas in Spain?
Ebro Basin, Andalusian Plain
67
What are the top five most planted varieties, which represent 60% of Spain's vineyard area?
Airén, Tempranillo, Bobal, Garnacha Tinta, Macabeo/Viura
68
Name the DO exclusively dedicated to vinos dulces.
DO Málaga
69
Today, traditional and modern practices coexist in Spain
| T o F
T
70
What are the aging designations in Spain?
Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva
71
What types of wines are produced in Spain?
red, white, rosados, espumoso, vino generoso (fortified wine), vino dulce
72
Total minimum time in barrel for joven white wine?
none
73
Total minimum time in barrel for joven red wine?
none
74
Total minimum time in barrel for joven rosado wine?
none
75
Time before release for a joven red wine?
1st year following harvest
76
Time before release for a joven white wine?
1st year following harvest
77
Time before release for a joven rosado wine?
1st year following harvest
78
Total time in barrel for crianza red wine?
6 months
79
Total time in barrel for crianza white/rosado wine?
6 months
80
Time before release for a crianza rosado/white wine?
18 months
81
Time before release for a Crianza red wine?
24 months
82
Total time in barrel for Reserva red wine?
12 months
83
Time before release for reserva red wine?
36 months
84
Total time in barrel for reserva white/rosado wine?
6 months
85
Time before release for reserva white/rosado wine?
24 months
86
Total time in barrel for Gran reserva white/rosado wine?
6 months
87
Time before release for Gran reserva white/rosado wine?
48 months
88
Time before release for Gran reserva red wine?
60 months
89
Time in barrel for Gran Reserva red wine?
18 months
90
What are the two DOCa of Spain?
Rioja and Priorat
91
Spanish wine laws recognize how many quality wine designations under the DOP category?
4
92
What is Spain's highest DOP level?
Denomincacion de origen calificada (DOCa)
93
To be a DOCa the regions must have DO status for how long?
min of 10 years
94
How many DOs in Spain?
68
95
To be a DO the production area must be recognized as a quality wine area for?
Min. 5 years
96
How many VCs since 2019?
7
97
How many VP since 2019?
19
98
How many VTs since 2019?
42
99
Where is most of Spain's bulk wine produced?
The Meseta
100
What is a Rancio style?
Wine with an extremely oxidized character.
101
How is a Rancio style wine made?
Wine is put into glass demijohns and left out in the sun before undergoing a minimum 4 year-aging period in oak barrels.
102
Where are Rancio-styled wines produced?
DO Rueda fortified "wines from Tierra de Medina" protected by Queen Isabella
DO Tarragona
103
Which grape variety is often used for a Rancio-style wine?
Why?
Verdejo
Prone to oxidation
104
How many grapes in Spain and how many product 89% of the wine?
Agreed around 200
| 20 grapes make majority of the wines
105
Which wine region was the first one in Spain to insist on regulations to safeguard quality?
Rioja
106
Nueva Planta decree
King Phillip V instituted incorporating all autonomous regions eg Aragon and Cataluña losing independence
