Glossary Flashcards
1
Q
Abrigo
A
Spanish for “wall” in DO Lanzarote, walls surround vines planted in hoyos and serve as windbreaks
2
Q
Albariza
A
A water-retentive soil containing 30% to 80% chalk mixed with limestone, sand and clay found in DOs Jere-Xérès-Sherry, Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda, and Montilla-Moriles
3
Q
Albero
A
Absorbent sand used as flooring in sherry bodegas, also, the local name used for Albariza soil in DO Montilla-Moriles
4
Q
Aloque
A
A semi-red wine unique to DO Valdepeñas - Clarete style with red and white grapes fermented together (Cencibel and Airen)
5
Q
Añada
A
“Vintage” used on Sherry labels
6
Q
Añejo (matured)
A
In DO Carineña for intensely oxidized wines >15% ABV and 24m in barrel “Mature”
7
Q
Arenas
A
Sand, a soil type in DO Jerez-Xérès-Sherry or DO Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda
8
Q
Arrope
A
A dark syrup obtained by heating grape must over a slow fire until 1/5 volume
9
Q
Anticyclone
A
A weather system with high atmospheric pressure at its center and calm rotating winds
10
Q
Azores High
A
“Azore Anticyclone” - Impacts Iberian Peninsula & points east in summer, typically bringing blue skies, dry air, and hot temps
11
Q
Barros
A
Clay, a soil type in DO Jerez-Xérès-Sherry or DO Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda
12
Q
Bodega
A
Winery
13
Q
Bota
A
Barrel
Used in DO Jerez-Xérès-Sherry or DO Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda
14
Q
Brisats
A
Orange wine made in Cataluña; white wines vinified with skin contact
15
Q
Cabeceo
A
Process of blending dry and sweet sherries to produce cream sherry
16
Q
Calatayud Superior
A
Designation within DO Calatayud for wines made from low-yielding vines at least 50 years+ with minimum 85% Garnacha
17
Q
Call Vermell
A
Reddish clay mixed with limestone gravels or stones found on Mallorca
18
Q
Carbonic Maceration
A
Enzymatic fermentation that takes place inside whole grape berries for light tannins and aromatics
19
Q
Cava
A
Spanish sparkling wine produced método tradicional
20
Q
Cava de Paraje Calificado
A
“Qualified Vineyard Estate Cava” highest quality designation DO Cava.
- Hand harvest
- Single vineyard
- Vines 10years +
- 36m ageing on lees
- Vintage dated
- Brut, Extra Brut, Brut Nature
21
Q
Cierzo
A
Strong, dry, cooling north/NW wind blowing through Rioja, Navara, Aragón and Cataluña in autumn and winter. Originates when there is an anticyclone over the Bay of Biscay.
Chases away humidity and moderating temperatures, this allows the grapes to ripen more gradually and with less disease pressure.
22
Q
Clarete
A
Winemaking process where red and white grapes are crushed together and vinified as red wine for light-red/semi-red wine
23
Q
Clàssic Penedès
A
Cava designation within DO Penedès.
- Must be 100% organic
- Aged for minimum 15 months on lees
24
Q
Colleiteiro
A
A boutique winery with annual production under 60,000 liters utilizing estate-grown grapes in Ribeiro, Galicia
25
Consejo Regulador
Spanish Regulating Council
| Regulates viticulture and winemaking, QC including age requirements and proof of origin
26
Continental
```
Widest diurnal and seasonal variations
Strong winds
High humidity
Irregular rainfall
Early frost
```
27
Cordón Trenzado
Found in Canary Islands
| Vines are braided as the grow to form long ropes; allowing them to be moved for other crops in growing season
28
Cosecha
Harvest or vintage and to wines with no aging requirements
29
Cosecheros
Grape growers in Rioja producing red wine via carbonic maceration and wild yeast fermentation
30
Costers
River Banks or Steep Slopes
31
Criaderas
"Nurseries" - a term referring to a tier of butts within a solera that contain sherry of the same age
32
Crianza
Aging category
1. Tintos = >24m, >6m in barrels
2. Blancos = >18m, >6m in barrels
3. Rosados = >18m, >6m in barrels
33
Denominación de Origen
"DO" Legally defined areas of grape/wine production also DOP
34
Denominación de Origen Calificada / Qualificada
DOs that have attained highest quality level for at least 10 years
35
Destilado
"Distilled"
| or term used for distilled wine used in sherry production typically made from Airén
36
Doble Pasta
"Double Pulp"
Unique and traditional method to vinify grapes in DO Utiel-Requena & Manchuela
Skins and pulp of Bobal vino rosado added to a fermenting Bobal must for a "double maceration" = higher extract and tanic vino tintos
37
Embat
Soft, humid breeze on Mallorca
Wind blows over land during daylight and fades after sunset
Imparts saline notes to many island wines
38
En Cabeza
Vine training where the head of the vine is trained downward in order to allow the leaf canopy to protect the fruit growing underneath
39
En Rama
"On the Branch"
Biologically-aged sherry that are very lightly filtered to remove suspended particles but do not undergo further clarification or stablization
40
En Vaso
Bush Vines
| Vine training where the trunk is head-pruned and kept short resembling a bush or French "gobelet"
41
Espaldera
Vine training where the trunk is established 1 meter off the ground, 1 or 2 permanent arms (cordons) rest on support wire; VSP
42
Espumosos de Calidad de Rioja
"Quality Sparking Wines of Rioja"
Optional designation DO Cava zone
Only labeling option for sparkling producers outside Rioja's DO Cava area
43
Flor / Velo de Flor
In Sherry production, term used for film on the surface yeast
44
Foehn Effect
Warm, dry winds on the leeward side of a mountain caused by condensation of water vapor (and the heat that is generated) on. the windward side
45
Fondilión
Famous sweet wine from DO Alicante crafted from overripe Monastrell with 10 year aging (solera optional)
46
Foudres
Large wooden casks that hold 300 liters or more of wine
47
Garnacha del Empordà
DO Empordà's special category for vinos de licor. Wines carrying this label are made from overripe grapes, must be a minimum 90% Garnatxa (Tinta, Peluda, and/or Roja), and are generally aged for a minimum of 2 years.
48
Genérico
Generic
DOCa Rioja category for wines with no minimum aging requirements
Zonal classification which a wine does not conform with a single zone, muni or vineyard
49
Girasol
1970s prototype of mechanized riddling machine, precursor to gyropalette
50
Gran Añada
Designation for Espumosos de Calidad de Rioja for extended lees ageing >36m and vintage labeling
51
Gran Reserva
Tintos = >60m, 18m in barrel (>24m for Rioja)
Blanco/Rosado = >48m, >6m in barrel
52
Gran Reserva Cava
Minimum 30m on lees finished Brut, Extra Brut or Brut Nature
53
Gran Vinya Classificada
Single vineyard classification in DOQ Priorat
Similar to Grand Cru
Supersedes Vi de Finca
54
Hoyo
"Hole"
| DO Lanzarote funnel shaped holes 3m diameter, 2.5m deep
55
Jerez Superior
Only vineyards on Albariza soil
| Subdivision
56
Joven
Young
57
Lapilli or Picón
Layer of small, porous, volcanic pebbles that blankets topsoil in the Canary Islands
58
Levante
Levanter
Solano
Easterly wind, gentle and moist but becomes hot, intense and dry over land
59
Leveche
Hot, dry dusty SW wind originating over North Africa; largely impacts Valencia and Alicante in springtime
60
Licor de Tiraje
Mixture of yeast and sugar added to initiate 2nd fermentation in. traditional method sparkling
61
Llicorella
Shallow, copper-colored, decomposing slate/shale of low organic content formed during the Devonian & Carboniferous periods 416-318m years ago. Found in DOQ Priorat with some in Montsant & Conca de Barberà
62
Madreo
Vino rosado made in DO León using whole clusters to vats of fermenting must for explosive bouquet of aromatic wines
63
Majuelo
Family-owned/farmed vineyards whose grapes are sold as cash crops in Castilla y León (Cigales)
64
Malmsey
Sweet, white, unfortified wine produced from Malvasia; historic in the Canary Islands
65
Marco de Jerez
Area encompassing the nine towns entitled to grow grapes for sherry production
66
Marco Real
Planting methodology used to minimize hydric stress; vines are planted in a chessboard pattern and spaced 2.5m apart in all directions
67
Maritime
Lowest variance of diurnal and seasonal temperatures.
Lowest temperature and rainiest
Mild winters
Dry and warm summer
Cloudy (fog mist)
68
Método Tradicional
Spanish for "traditional method" sparkling wine production
69
Mistela de Moscatel
A sweet fortified Moscatel de Alejandría must which does not undergo fermentation
70
Mitad y Mitad
50/50 mix of distilled grape spirit and mature sherry used to fortify sherry
71
Monterrei Superior
DO Monterrei award to wines made with >85% native grapes
72
Mosto prensa
In sherry production, a term to press fraction that receives the most pressure, thus coarser extract, less elegant juice used in distillation
73
Mutage
Winemaking technique where neutral grape spirit is added to fermenting must in order to arrest fermentation, boost ABV and leave residual sugars
74
Pajarete
Paxarete
Paxarette
Fortified sweet wine crafted from PX and/or Moscatel grapes from DO Málaga
75
Panal
Limestone-rich silty-loam common in DO Monstant in Cataluña
76
Parra
Wire trellis affixed atop granite posts to form Parral (Pergolas)
77
Parral
Pergola
Max air circulation
Promotes even ripening
Prevents mildew
78
Phylloxera
Sap sucking insect that feeds on the roots and leaves of grape vines which kills the vines
79
Pie franco
Ungrafted vines Phylloxera free
80
Poniente
A cool, humid westerly / NW wind that opposed the easterly Levante in southern Spain
81
Primera Yema
Free-run Juice in Sherry Production
| Often used for Fino sherries
82
Rancio
Wine with an extremely oxidized character
83
Rañas
Terraces on which vines are planted, sedimentary quartzite and clay (river deposits and slope wash (Madrid)
84
Rayas
Sherries that have spent time outside baking in the sun for 1-2 year, typically blended with sweeting agents to craft dessert sherries
85
Reconquista
"Reconquest"
| Refers to reclaiming of the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces and the subsequent expulsion of the Moors/Islam
86
Rectified Concentrated Grape Must
Clear, odorless sugar solution derived from the grape must; used in sherry production to add sweetness without altering color, aroma, flavor
87
Reserva
Tintos = >36m, >12m barrel
Blancos / Rosados = >24m, >6m barrel
DO Cava = >15m lees
Espumosos de Calidad = >24m lees
88
Reserva Cava
>15m lees (vs 9m lees)
89
Ría
A submerged river valley that is often branched or tree-like in shape with irregular banks of various elevations; not formed by glacial action
90
Ribera Sacra Summum
Special designation for DO Ribeira Sacra red wines
>85% preferred varietes; include >60% Mencia
White 100% preferred wines
91
Rosado de Aguja
Semi-sparkling rosé from VC Valles de Benavente and gets effervescence through injections of CO2
92
Ruedos
Soil found in DO Montilla-Moriles.
| Sandy soil atop clay subsoil
93
Saignée
| Sangrado
Bleeding the tank
94
Sauló
Decomposed granitic sands common in DO Montsant in Cataluña
95
Segunda Yema
Term referring to the juice extracted from the 1st gentle pressing of sherry must used in Oloroso sherries
96
Sobremadre
"With Mother"
Fermentation where portions of solids remain unfiltered for 90-180 days.
Slight effervescent
Bottled without clarification or flitration
97
Sobretabla
Intermediate stage in the sherry classification process
98
Solano
Easterly wind that brings hot, dry weather to the Andalusian Plain in the spring and summer (Levante)
99
Soleo/Asoleado
A process in which grapes are dried on straw mates in DO Montilla-Moriles concentrating sugars and doubling potential alcohol
100
Solera
1. Vertical cask of 1 type of sherry from many vintages
2. Bottom row of butts
3. Dynamic aging for partial withdrawal of older wine and newer wine
4. Fractional blending and aging
101
Sweet PX
Sweet style of sun-dried Pedro Ximénez grapes
| DO Montilla-Moriles
102
Tarragona Clásico
Designation for high ABV vino dulce crafted from overripe grapes, aged 12 years in oak.
Sometime put in soleras
103
Tinaja
Large, earthenware jars used for fermentation and wine storage
104
Tostado do Ribeiro
Sweet, fortified white wines from DO Ribeiro
| Popular in 17/18th centuries
105
Tramontana
Strong, cool, dry north wind that blows through Cataluña and Las Islas Baleares in autumn, winter and spring
106
Txakoli
Basque white wine saved in 1980s
107
Valdeorras Castas Nobles
Designation in DO Valdeorras which awarded to wines producing >85% preferred
108
Vara y Pulgar
"Stick and Thumb"
Can and spur pruning where every other year one cane with 7-8 buds and 1 short spur with 1-2 buds.
Used in Jerez, Manzanila, Rioja
109
Vi de Finca
Was highest quality designation for DOQ Priorat until 2019
Now Vinya Classificada and
Gran Vinya Classificada
110
Vi de Paratge
Vineyard classification in DOQ Priorat which delimits sites (paratges) according to geological and topographical features
111
Vi de Vila
High profile village designation in DOQ Priorat
1st to incorporate historic and social factors
Approved sub-zone
112
Vino (de España)
Refers to wines previously bottled Vino de Mesa. Lowest rung on Spanish wine pyramid.
Without geographic inidication, grape & harvest year may appear on label
113
Vino Blanco
White wine
114
Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
| VC
Intermediary category between VT and DO
115
Vino de Indicación Geográfica Protegida (IGP)
EU category with less strict production guidlines than DO/DOCa
Vino de la Tierra (VT) falls under this category
116
Vino de la Tierra
| VT
Spanish country wine
IGP quality
More relaxed that DO/DOCa
117
Vino de Licor
Fortified wine
118
Vino de Mesa
Lowest quality on the Spanish wine pyramid
119
Vino de Pago
| VP
Spanish wine category for highly regarded single-estate wines with unique soils and/or mesoclimates, may be outside DO areas
120
Vino de Tea
White, Rosé and red wines aged for max 6m in Canary island pine ("tea") barrels
121
Vino Dulce
Sweet wine
122
Vino espumosos
Sparkling wines
123
Vino generoso
Dry, fortified wines
124
Vino generoso de licor
Sweet, fortified wines
125
Vino Naranja
Aromatized sweet wines made with rinds of bitter oranges
| DO Condado de Huelva
126
Vino rosado
Rosé wines
127
Vino Tinto
Red Wines
128
Vino tostado
Sweet, fortified, white wine made from sun-dried grapes
| DO Ribeiro
129
Vino de color
Wines used to deepen the color of sherry
130
Vinos de Municipio
Village wines; a wine category in DOCs Rioja designating wine made from a single village
131
Vinos de Zona
A sub-regional designation within DOCa Rioja
| Mostly used for producers in Alavesa and Alta
132
Vinya Classificada
Single-vineyard classification in DOQ Priorat supersedes Vi de Finca
133
Vinyes Velles
Old Vines
| Allowed in Priorat for vines 75+ years or planted before 1945
134
Viñedo Singular
```
Single Vineyard
DOCa Rioja
1. lower yields
2. Hand harvest
3. 35+ year old vines
```
135
Zona de Crianza
| Sherry Triangle
Aging and Maturing Zone
| Jerez, Santa Maria, Sanlucar de Barrameda
136
Zona de Producción
Production Zone
9 towns which Consejo Regulador considers suitable for growing grapes for sherry & Manzanilla in soils of albariza, arenas and barros
137
Adegas
Bodega
138
Rivoyra Sacrata
Sacred River
139
Colluvium
Slope wash associated with rañas
140
What are Vinalopó soils?
Limestone found in Alicante
141
What are La Marina soils?
Clay soils found in Alicante
