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Boards - Pathology > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal pain, blue gum line, and constipation

A

lead poisoning

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2
Q

Abdominal pain and tenderness in right iliac fossa

A

appendicitis

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3
Q

abdominal pain from alcoholic binge

A

pancreatitis

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4
Q

abdominal pain in right iliac fossa and diarrhea

A

Chrohn’s Dz

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5
Q

Abdominal pain in left iliac fossa, bloody stool, young female

A

Ulcerative colitis

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6
Q

abdominal pain in let iliac fossa, bloody stool, older male

A

diverticulitis

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7
Q

abdominal pain, splenomegaly in a black child

A

sickle cell disease

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8
Q

adrenal hemorrhage and shock

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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9
Q

Amenorrhea, no lactation after pospartum hemorrhage

A

Sheehan’s syndrome

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10
Q

Arachnodacyl, lens dislocation, hypermobile joints

A

Marfan’s Dz

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11
Q

Argyll-Robertson pupil, aortic aneurysm and angina pectoris

A

tertiary syphilis

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12
Q

Ataxia, heart problems and scoliosis

A

Friedreich’s Dz

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13
Q

Beef-red tongue and fatgue

A

Vit B12 Deficiency (def)

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14
Q

b/l hilar lymphaedenopathy, erythema nodosum

A

Sarcoidosis

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15
Q

b/l ptosis, diplopia and difficulty chewing in female

A

Myasthenic gravis

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16
Q

Bitlot’s spots in the eye

A

Vit A def.

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17
Q

Bladder or bowel control issues

A

Cauda Equina synd.

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18
Q

bleeding swollen gums

A

scurvy

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19
Q

Blue lips, swollen ankles, and dyspnea

A

chronic bronchitis

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20
Q

Blue sclera and frequent infant fractures

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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21
Q

Bone pain, head enlargement and deafness

A

Paget’s Dz of bone

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22
Q

Bronze skin, cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus

A

hemochromatosis

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23
Q

Buffalo hump, obesity and purplish abdominal striae

A

Cushing’s synd.

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24
Q

Buboes in groin, sign of the groove

A

lymphogranuloma venereum

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25
Bull's eye rash
Lyme Dz
26
Butterfly rash and multiple painful joints in a young female
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
27
caused by vasodilation from histamine release
Rubor (redness) and calor (heat)
28
caused by increased vascular perm. due to histamine
tumor (swelling)
29
causedby release of bradykinin from damaged cells
dolor (pain)
30
WBC;s moving to periphery of blood vessels
margination
31
WBC's sticking to blood vessel endothelium
pavementation (adhesion)
32
transmigration of WBC's across blood vessels
diapedesis
33
clumping of WBC's
aggregation
34
macrophage ingestion of bacteria
phagocytosis
35
derived from Kinin, complement, and coagulation systems
plasma mediators
36
bradykinin-most powerful vasodilator, causes pain
Kinin mediators
37
C3a-vasodilation, C3b-opsonin, C5a-chemotaxis, C5-9-MAC
complement mediators
38
membrane attack complex (C5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
MAC
39
thrombin and fibrin split products --> increase vascular perm
coagulation mediators
40
Factor Xll (Hageman factor)
Common systems activator
41
vasoactive amines, Arachidonic acid derivatives and Leukotrienes
cell-derived mediators
42
increased vascular perm, arachidonic acid metabolism
platelet activating factor
43
absence of an organ
agenesis
44
failure of normal organ development
aplasia
45
under-development of an organ
hypoplasia
46
increase in tissue cell number
hyperplasia
47
increase in size of cell/tissue
hypertrophy
48
fever, anorexia, increased protein synthesis and leukocytosis
systemic acute phase reactions
49
pus-filled cavity, liquefactive necrosis
abscess
50
blind-ending tract connecting to one epithelial surface
sinus
51
abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces
fistula
52
loss of surface epithelium
ulcer
53
overgrowth of fibrous tissue in a scar
keloid
54
proliferation of fibroblasts, blood vessels, epithelioid cells, necrosis
chronic inflammation
55
cell death with cheese-like appearance; tuberculosis, tertiary syphilis
caseous necrosis
56
cell death with visible cell outlines; sarcoidosis, Crohn's
non-caseous necrosis
57
activated macrophages (migrated monocytes); chronic inflammation
epithelioid cells
58
giant cells formed by fused epithelioidcells; tuberculosis, tertiary syphilis
Langhans giant cells
59
reversible change from one cell type to another
metaplasia
60
disorderly non-neoplastic tissue change; may be reversible
dysplasia
61
disordered uncontrolled growth of cells; irreversible
anaplasia
62
lack of blood supply resulting in decreased ATP production
ischemia
63
oxygen deprivation
hypoxia
64
absence of oxygen
anoxia
65
superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical
oxygen-based free radicals
66
superoxide dismutase, catalase and G6PD
destruction of free radical
67
potent interleukin chemotaxin
Il-8
68
due to protein denaturation; seen in myocardial infarction
coagulative necrosis
69
seen in infarctions in the brain and any type of abscess
liquefactive necrosis
70
cheesy material as seen in tuberculosis
caseous necrosis
71
necrosis seen in pancreatitis
enzymatic necrosis
72
bread and butter appearance as seen in rheumatic pericarditis
fibrinoid necrosis
73
dead fat cells with surrounding inflammation
fat necrosis
74
type of degeneration seen in muslce damage
Senker's degeneration
75
antegrade degeneration seen in nerve axon damage
Wallerian degeneration
76
programmed cell death, individual cells, no inflammation
apoptosis
77
irreversible nuclear condensation due to pH changes
pyknosis
78
fragmentation of chromatin due to Ca++ influx
karyorrhexis
79
enzymatic breakdown of DNA with destruction of nuclear material
karyolysis
80
dystrophic or metastatic calcification
calcium deposits in tissue
81
calcification in damaged tissue, serum calcium in normal
dystrophic calcification
82
calcification of normal tissue, calcium is elevated, bone metastases
metastatic calcification
83
ultrafiltrate of plasma, low protein content, low SG and no cells
transudate
84
inflammatory extrvascular fluid, high protein, high SG, many cells
exudate
85
low protein, seen in mild inflammation
serous exudate
86
pus formation: dead neutrophils, fibrinogen and dead cells
purulent exudate
87
mainly fibrin: bread and butter appearance, rheumatic fever
fibrinous exudate
88
close approximation of edges by suture, quick repair, small scar
healing by primary intention
89
no sutures, slow healing, more granulation tissue, large scar
healing by secondary intention
90
hematoma, cartilaginous callus, bone callus, remodeling
phases of bone fracture healing
91
homostasis, inflammation, granulation tissue, remodeling
phases of healing

Boards - Pathology (15 decks)

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