Fungal Pathogens Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
cell-mediated immunity and fungal infections
A
- innate - neutrophils
- adaptive - CD4+ TH1 cells
2
Q
which of the microbes are the opportunists
A
- yeast and molds
3
Q
which are the yeast
A
- candida
- cryptococcus
- pneumocystis
4
Q
which are the molds
A
- aspergillus
- mucor and rhizopus
5
Q
which are dimorphics
A
- histoplasma
- blastomyces
- coccidiodes
6
Q
which are branching bacteria
A
- actinomyces
- nocardia
7
Q
what does dimorphic mean
A
- one phenotype in the environment and another phenotype in the infected host
8
Q
what are conidia
A
- spores
9
Q
candida species are what shape in tissue
A
- budding yeasts
- pseudohyphae
10
Q
candida species - _____ formation at 37 degrees C is diagnostic
requires
A
- germ tube formation
- culture (Sabouraud agar)
11
Q
candida species - ______ infections are common
which type?
A
- extra pulmonary
- chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
- blood stream (candidemia)
12
Q
candida species - candida pneumonia is _____ except in
A
- rare except in neutropenic patients
13
Q
candida species - treatment for pneumonia requires
A
- isolation from tissue biopsy
14
Q
candida species treatment
A
- echinocandins
- amphotericin B for invasive infections
CANDIDA => CABE
15
Q
cryptococcus neoformans structure
A
- heavily encapsulated yeast
16
Q
cryptococcus neoformans - most common manifestation
A
- meningitis
17
Q
cryptococcus neoformans - pulmonary symptoms
A
- nonspecific (cough, fever, malaise)
18
Q
cryptococcus neoformans - evaluate for ____ or ____ when either one is found
A
- pneumonia
- meningitis
19
Q
cryptococcus neoformans - diagnosis by
A
- direct visualization (India ink)
- culture
- antigen detection
20
Q
cryptococcus neoformans treatment
A
- amphotericin B
- flucytosine
Crypt AF
21
Q
pneumocystis jirovecii structure
A
- disc-shaped (cyst like) yeast
22
Q
pneumocystis jirovecii - extrapulmonary infection _____ except in
A
- rare except in late AIDS
23
Q
pneumocystis jirovecii - worse outcomes in
A
- HIV - immunocompromised than HIV+
24
Q
pneumocystis jirovecii - on CXR
A
- diffuse interstitial pneumonia with ground glass infiltrates
25
pneumocystis jirovecii - diagnosis by
most common stain
- direct visualization in lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage induced sputum
- silver stain most common
26
pneumocystis jirovecii treatment
- sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim
a. k.a. bactrim
throw it BAC at club PJP
27
aspergillus fumigatus structure
- septate hyphae with V shaped brainching
28
aspergillus fumigatus associated with ____ malignancies
- hematologic
29
aspergillus fumigatus associated with these conditions
- catheter associated infections
- allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- brain abscesses
- sinusitis
Aspergillus = CABS
get yout Ass in the cab(s)
30
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is what type of hypersensitivity
- IgE mediated type I
31
aspergillus fumigatus grows in what structure
can cause
- cavities in lungs
| - can cause hemoptysis
32
aspergillus fumigatus - diagnosis by
- direct observation in tissue
33
aspergillus fumigatus treatment
- voriconazole
AFV (America's Funniest Videos about Aspergillius Fucking People Up)
34
mucor and rhizopus also known as
- zygomycetes
35
mucor and rhizopus structure
- aseptate hyphae with wide angle branching
36
mucor and rhizopus - hallmark
- necrosis following invasion of blood cells (angioinvasion)
37
mucor and rhizopus - symptoms of pulmonary infection
- prolonged fever
- airway obstruction
- hemoptysis
38
mucor and rhizopus - diagnosis by
- direct observation in tissue
39
mucor and rhizopus treatment
- amphotericin B
MR AB
40
histoplasma capsulatum structure
- oval yeast cells inside tissue macrophages
41
what organisms of a fungal homolog of MTB
- histoplasma capsulatum
42
histoplasma capsulatum - high exposure can cause
- pneumonia with cavitary lesions
43
histoplasma capsulatum - diagnosis by
- direct observation in tissue
- culture
- urine antigen test
UCT --> urine, culture or tissue observation
44
histoplasma capsulatum - treatment for asymptomatic or mild infection
- none
45
histoplasma capsulatum - treatment for serious disease
- itraconazole
- amphotericin B
HISTO => IAB
46
histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular pathogen of
- macrophages
47
blastomyces dermatitidis structure
- thick walled yeast with broad based budding in extracellular spaces
48
blastomyces dermatitidis - acute pneumonia looks like
importance of this
may progress to
- bacterial
- does not respond to antibacterial therapy
- ARDS
49
blastomyces dermatitidis - chronic pneumonia looks like
- TB and histo
50
blastomyces dermatitidis - diagnosis by
- direct observation in tissue
| - culture
51
blastomyces dermatitidis - treatment
what status of it do we treat?
- intraconazole
- amphotericin B
- treat even asymptomatic infections
blasto = b = cover your bases = always treat
52
coccidiodes immitis also known as
- valley fever
53
coccidiodes immitis structure
- spherules (with endospores inside) in tissue and barrels in environment
54
coccidiodes immitis causes (symptoms)
- erythema nodosum (desert bumps)
| - lung nodules or lung cavities
55
coccidiodes immitis diagnosis by
- direct observation in biopsy
- culture (BAL or tissue)
- skin test
56
coccidiodes immitis - treatment
- fluconzole
- amphotericin B
COX are FAB
57
actinomycetes israelii structure
- filamentous
- gram +
- anaerobe
- normal oral flora
58
actinomycetes israelii - causes what conditions
- oral/fascial abscesses (sulur granules)
| - PID with IUDs
59
actinomycetes israelii - rarely ______
- bronchopulmonary
60
actinomycetes israelii resembles
- neoplasia or TB on CXR
61
actinomycetes israelii diagnosis by
- direct observation in tissue biopsy
62
actinomycetes israelii treatment
- penicillin
63
Nocardia asteroides structure
- beaded filaments
- gram +
- weakly acid fast
- aerobe
64
Nocardia asteroides _____ in immunocompromised patients
- brain abscess
65
Nocardia asteroides - pulmonary disease typical with
- pneumonia or lung abscess with cavity formation
66
Nocardia asteroides diagnosis by
- direct observation
| - culture
67
Nocardia asteroides treatment
- sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
