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Respiratory Exam 2 > Intracellular Bacteria > Flashcards

Intracellular Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

extracellular pathogens replicate where

A
  • outside of the host
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2
Q

intracellular pathogens replicate where

A
  • inside host cells
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3
Q

obligate intracellular pathogen that replicates in vacuoles

A
  • chlamydia pneumoniae
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4
Q

facultative intracellular pathogen that replicates in vacuoles

A
  • legionella pneumophila
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5
Q

what do antibiotics of intracellular pathogens have to do in order to reach the site of infection

A
  • penetrate host cells
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6
Q

are antibodies helpful with intracellular pathogens

A
  • no
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7
Q

what is required to control and clear infection of intracellular pathogens

A
  • cell-mediated immunity
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8
Q

classification of legionella pneumophila

A
  • facultative intracellular

- gram negative bacterium

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9
Q

what does legionella pneumophila cause

A
  • acute pneumonia
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10
Q

is legionella pneumophila an obligate or opportunistic pathogen

A
  • opportunistic pathogen
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11
Q

risk factors of legionella pneumophila infection

A
  • inhalation of contaminated water
  • advanced age (50+)
  • cigarette smoking
  • COPD
  • tracheal intubation
  • immunosuppression
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12
Q

what other infection does legionella pneumophila also cause

what kind of condition is this

A
  • Pontiac fever

- upper respiratory; no pneumonia

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13
Q

in extracellular environment legionella pneumophila lives within

A
  • biofilms

- fresh-water amoeba

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14
Q

is legionella pneumophila viable

cultivable?

A
  • is viable

- is not cultivable

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15
Q

in intracellular environment, legionella pneumophila grows and survives in

A
  • legionella containing vacuoles in macrophages
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16
Q

legionella pneumophila - infected macrophages release _______ that recruit ___________ resulting in _________

A
  • release cytokines
  • recruit monocytes and neutrophils to the lungs
  • result in inflammation
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17
Q

legionella pneumophila - what released by macrophages helps control the infection

A
  • TNF alpha
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18
Q

legionella pneumophila - what response is produced by the antigen specific T cells to clear the infection

A
  • TH1 cell mediated immune response

- involving IFN-gamma

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19
Q

legionella pneumophila - how to diagnose

A
  • culture on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
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20
Q

legionella pneumophila treatment

A
  • macrolides (azithromycin)
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21
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae classification

A
  • obligate intracellular

- gram negative

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22
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae causes what condition

A
  • walking pneumonia
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23
Q

how is chlamydia pneumoniae spread

A
  • person-person by respiratory droplets
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24
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae can lead to pneumonia as a result of

A
  • chronic inflammatory response
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25
chlamydia pneumoniae treatment
- doxycycline
26
life cycle of chlamydia species
- elementary bodies (GETTING CHLAMYDIA IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL) | - reticulate bodies
27
what are elementary bodies of chlamydia species
- metabolically inert but infectious form
28
what are reticulate bodies of chlamydia species
- metabolically active but noninfectious
29
chlamydia species infect what inside the host
- macrophages and epithelial cells
30
chlamydia species how it survives in the host
- modifies phagosomal membrane to block fusion with lysosome
31
chlamydia species containing vacuole is called
- inclusion body
32
(chlamydia psittaci) psittacosis most often associated with
- birds
33
(chlamydia psittaci) psittacosis usual presentation is
- URI
34
(chlamydia psittaci) psittacosis radiographic findings include
- lobar or interstitial infiltration
35
(chlamydia psittaci) psittacosis laboratory tests include
- culture - serology - NAAT
36
what kind of growth medium do you use for TB
- lowenstein-jensen agar
37
what kind of growth medium do you use for C. pneumoniae
- tissue culture cells
38
Name the intracellular bacteria
Mycobacterium (facultative) Legionella (facultative) Chlamydia (obligate)
39
Examples of extracellular pathogens
Step. pneumo Bordetella pertussis H. influenzae
40
many (but not all) ______ pathogens are cultivable in vitro
extracellular
41
_________ intracellular can be grown in vitro without host cells
facultative
42
sexually transmitted strain of chlamydia
chalmydia trachomatis
43
Name the pathogens that replicate intracellular in specialized vacuoles
``` chlamydia pneumoniae (obligate) legionells pneumophila (facultative) ```
44
Are antibiotics useful against chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella?
no cell-mediated immunity required to control and clear infection
45
all viruses are obligate ________ pathoens
intracellular
46
causes acute pneumonia
Legionella
47
causes legionnaire's disease; spread through air conditioning
legionella
48
Biggest risk factor for L. pneumophilia disease
immunocompromised hosts
49
Is L. pneumophilia spread person-to-person?
NO - spread through inhalation of contaminated water
50
Pontiac fever is caused by
Legionella
51
What is Pontiac fever
flu-like illness in IMMUNOCOMPETENT hosts most pts. recover without treatment in a week
52
In the environement, extracellular legionella are _____ but ______. They persist in _____
viable not-cultivate biofilms
53
grows within fresh-water amoeba
legionella
54
Diagnosing Legionella is difficult because
- bacteria not present in large numbers in sputum - stain poorly - clinical features not distinctive
55
Best method to diagnose legionella
culture the organism on "buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar" takes 3-5 days
56
Do legionella infections result in increased cold agluttinins?
NO!! no increase in cold agluttinins with legionella
57
chlamydia transmission
spread person-to-person (respiratory droplets)
58
C. penumoniae is related to
C. trachomatis (STD) and C. psittaci (zoonotic)
59
What infection is hard to distinguish from Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?
chlamydia pneumoniae
60
Why is chlamydia pneumonia difficult to diagnose
lack of well-standardized tests
61
Psittacosis caused by
C. pisittaci most often associated with psittacine birds (parrots) outbreaks amongst poultry plant workers
62
Psittacosis infection
ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe systemic disease with pneumonia upper respiratory illness CXR: lobar or interstitial infiltrates
63
L. pneumonia is a gram - _______
rod

Respiratory Exam 2 (18 decks)

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