Flashcards in Fungi Deck (77)
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31
What special lab test does the capsule of Cryptocuccus neoformans permit?
latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
32
What disease does C. albicans cause in immunocompromised patients?
Oral thrush in throat (neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS)
33
What is the morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans?
heavily encapsulated yeast
34
What lab findings are useful to help diagnose Cryptococcus neoformans? (6)
urease positive; encapsulated; spinal tap reveals pleocyosis, increased lymphocytes, low glucose, and organism that can be cultured.
35
Cryptococcus neoformans stains best with which substance?
india ink
36
What disease does C. albicans cause in babies?
diaper rash
37
What region is associated with Coccidioides immitis?
endemic in the southwest US
38
Is C. albicans, infection local, systemic, or both?
both
39
What class of organism is Pneumocystis carinii?
yeast (originally classified as protozoan)
40
What are the clinical manifestations of Candida albicans? (3)
thrush-white patches on red base can be scraped off. Candidal vaginitis-erythema, white discharge, itching and burning. Red patches with satellite pustules. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis-multiple red, pustular or thick lesions, esp on face.
41
What are the clinical manifestations of Penicillium?
allergy (spores); penicilliosis (in AIDS)
42
What do you culture Cryptococcus neoformans on?
culture on Sabouraud's agar
43
What lab findings are useful to help diagnose Coccidioides immitis? (3)
tissue and sputum samples show spherules; XCR shows coin-shaped lesions; Serum will show specific antibodies
44
Why is the disease caused by Coccidioidomycosis called valley fever?
common in the San Joaquin Valley
45
What are the clinical manifestations of Mucor species? (2)
allergic reaction (spores); opportunistic infections of skin, sinuses in immunocompromised patients.
46
Is H. capsulatum found intracellularly or extracellularly?
intracellular (frequently seen inside macrophages)
47
Identify the major virulence/toxicity factors associated with Stachybotris. (1)
produces a toxin that can cause pulmonary hemorrhage if inhaled.
48
What is the morphology of Mucor sp/? (2)
mold with irregular non-septate hyphae branching at wide angles (>90 deg). Large fluffy white colonies that turn gray or brown age.
49
Other than thrush and vulvovaginitis, what other diseases can Candida albicans cause? (2)
disseminated candidiasis (to any organ) and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
50
Describe the symptoms of Coccidioides immitis infection. (7)
coccidioidomycosis (San Joaquin valley fever)-fever, cough, chest pain, sore throat, hemoptysis. In some patients, conjunctivitis, arthritis, erythema nodosum.
51
What immune modifying diseases are most commonly associated wit infection with Mucor sp? (2)
ketoacidotic diabetics, leukemic patients
52
Identify the major virulence/toxicity factors associated with Histoplasma capsulaturm. (1)
Macrophages eat spores which then bud into yeast intracellularly are transported all over the body.
53
How is a stain of Pneumocystis carinii prepared?
silver stain of lung tissue
54
What is the morphology of Alternaria?
dark green to brown 'velvet' colonies
55
How does Candida albicans gram stain?
positive
56
How is Histoplasma capsulatum transmitted?
spores inhaled with dust
57
What is the major reservoir for Pneumoncystis carinii?
ubiquitous in the environment
58
What is the major reservoir for Cryptococcus neoformans?
soil
59
How is superficial fungal infections transmitted?
direct contact with other infected individuals
60
