Fungi

Question 1

mycology

Answer 1

study of fungi

Question 2

fungi

Answer 2

chemoheterotrophs that decompose organic matter; aerobic or facultative anaerobes

Question 3

cell membrane and cell wall components

Answer 3

sterols in cell membrane; chitin/glucan/mannan cell wall

Question 4

thallus

Answer 4

body that consists of hyphae filaments

Question 5

myecelium

Answer 5

mass of hyphae

Question 6

septate hyphae

Answer 6

contain cross walls (reinforced)

Question 7

coenocytic hyphae

Answer 7

do not contain septa

Question 8

vegatative hyphae

Answer 8

obtain nutrients (aerial hyphae, no reproduction)

Question 9

yeasts

Answer 9

nonfilamentous and unicellular

Question 10

budding yeasts divide

Answer 10

unevenly

Question 11

fission yeasts divide

Answer 11

evenly

Question 12

dimorphic fungi

Answer 12

yeast like at 37 degrees C and mold like at 25 degrees C

Question 13

life cycle

Answer 13

fungi reproduce sexually and asexually via formation of spores that detach and germinate

Question 14

asexual spores

Answer 14

produced by mitosis, formed by hyphae of one organism

Question 15

types of asexual spores

Answer 15

conidiospore, arthrospore, blastoconidiospore, chlamydoconidium, sporangiospore

Question 16

conidiospore

Answer 16

not enclosed in sac

Question 17

arthrospore

Answer 17

fragmentation of septate hyphae

Question 18

blastoconidiospore

Answer 18

buds of the parent cell

Question 19

chlamydoconidium

Answer 19

spore within a hyphal segment

Question 20

sporangiospore

Answer 20

enclosed in a sac

Question 21

sexual spores

Answer 21

fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains (positive and negative)

Question 22

3 phases of sexual spore

Answer 22

plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis

Question 23

plasmogamy

Answer 23

haploid donor cell nucleus penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell

Question 24

karyogamy

Answer 24

+ and - nuclei fuse and form diploid zygote

Question 25

meiosis

Answer 25

diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)

Question 26

nutritional adaptations of fungi

Answer 26

pH of 5, resistant to osmotic pressure, can grow in low moisture, can metabolize complex carbs

Question 27

zygomycota

Answer 27

conjugation fungi

Question 28

zygomycota have coenocytic hyphae meaning

Answer 28

free flowing cytoplasm

Question 29

asexual spore of zygomycote

Answer 29

sporangiospore

Question 30

sexual spore of zygomycote

Answer 30

zygospore

Question 31

microsporidia

Answer 31

no sexual reproduction is observed, but probaby occurs in a host; no mitochondria

Question 32

microsporidia serve as a link between

Answer 32

bacteria and fungi bc they have no mitochondria

Question 33

microsporidia living conditions

Answer 33

obligate intracellular parasite

Question 34

example of microsporidia

Answer 34

encephalitozoon

Question 35

ascomycota

Answer 35

sac fungi, septate hyphae

Question 36

teleomorphic

Answer 36

can produce sexual and asexual spores

Question 37

anamorphic

Answer 37

lost ability to sexually reproduce

Question 38

asexual spore of ascomycota

Answer 38

conidiospore

Question 39

sexual spore of ascomycota

Answer 39

ascospore

Question 40

example of ascomycota

Answer 40

talaromyces

Question 41

basidiomycota

Answer 41

club fungi, septate hyphae

Question 42

asexual spore of basidiomycota

Answer 42

conidiospore

Question 43

sexual spore of basidiomycota

Answer 43

basidiospore

Question 44

where are basidiospores formed

Answer 44

externally on the basidium, the base pedastal

Question 45

mycosis

Answer 45

fungal infection

Question 46

systemic mycoses

Answer 46

deep within the body

Question 47

subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 47

beneath the skin

Question 48

cutaneous mycoses

Answer 48

affects the hair, skin, and nails

Question 49

superficial mycoses

Answer 49

localized (hair shaft)

Question 50

opportunistic mycoses

Answer 50

fungi harmless in normal habitat but pathogenic in a compromised host

Question 51

economics of saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer 51

bread, wine, hep B vaccine

Question 52

economics of trichoderma

Answer 52

cellulase

Question 53

economics of taxomyces

Answer 53

taxol - decrease bleeding in open heart surgery

Question 54

economics of entomophaga

Answer 54

bio control

Question 55

economics of coniothyrium minitans

Answer 55

kill fungus on crops

Question 56

economics of paccilomyces

Answer 56

kill termites

Question 57

lichen

Answer 57

mutualistic relationship between green alga or cyanobacteria and fungus

Question 58

three types of lichens

Answer 58

crustase, foliose, fructicose

Question 59

crustase

Answer 59

encrusted on substratum

Question 60

foliose

Answer 60

leaf-like

Question 61

fructicose

Answer 61

fingerlike

Question 62

thallus of lichen made of 3 parts

Answer 62

medulla, rhizines, cortex

Question 63

medulla

Answer 63

hyphae grown around algal cells

Question 64

rhizines

Answer 64

holdfasts - hyphae projections below body

Question 65

cortex

Answer 65

protective coating over algal layer

Question 66

economic importance of lichen

Answer 66

dyes, antimicrobial, litmus paper, food for herbivores