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Microbiology > Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

gram positive

A

peptidoglycan layer ourside, gram stain purple

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2
Q

gram negative

A

peptidoglycan layer between, gram stain pink

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3
Q

proteobacteria

A

gram negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria; largest taxonomic group of bacteria (five classes)

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4
Q

alphaproteobacteria

A

most capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients, have stalks or buds

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5
Q

Pelagibacter

A

alpha; one of most abundant microorganisms in ocean - important role in carbon cycle

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6
Q

Azospirillum

A

alpha; fixes nitrogen

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7
Q

Acetobacter and Gluconobacter

A

alpha; convert ethanol into acetic acid

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8
Q

Rickettsia

A

alpha; obligate intracellular parasite that causes spotted fevers; transmitted by tick and insect bites

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9
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

epidemic typhus

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10
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

endemic murine typhus

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11
Q

Rickettsia ricketsii

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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12
Q

Ehrlichia

A

alpha; causes ehrlichiosis (infection that kills WBCs); transmitted by ticks

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13
Q

Caulobacter and Hyphomicrobium

A

alpha; low nutrient aquatic environments; form prosthecae, reproduce via budding

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14
Q

what does Hyphomicrobium form when budding

A

hypha

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15
Q

Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium

A

alpha; fix nitrogen

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16
Q

Agrobacterium

A

alpha; plant pathogen that causes crown gall; inserts tumor inducing plasmid - good for genetic engineering

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17
Q

Bartonella

A

alpha: human pathogen

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18
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

causes cat-scratch disease

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19
Q

Brucella

A

alpha; obligate parasite in mammals, survives phagocytosis; causes brucellosis

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20
Q

Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas

A

alpha; chemoheterotrophs, uses carbon dioxide as carbon source

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21
Q

Nitrosomonas converts

A

NH4+ to NO2-

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22
Q

Nitrobacter converts

A

NO2- to NO3-

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23
Q

Wolbachia

A

alpha; endosymbiont of insects, affects reproduction of insects

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24
Q

Acidothiobacillus

A

beta; chemoautotrophic; oxidizes H2S to SO4-2

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25
Q

Spirillum

A

beta; found in freshwater, move via flagella

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26
Q

Sphaerotilus

A

beta; found in freshwater and sewage, form sheaths to aid in protection and nutrient gathering - may be first form of communication and colony living

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27
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

A

beta; degrades more than 100 organic molecules

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28
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

beta; causes meliodosis (skin infection, lesions)

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29
Q

Bordetella

A

beta non motile rods

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30
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

beta; causes whooping cough

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31
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

beta; cause of gonorrhoeae

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32
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

beta; cause of meningococcal meningitis

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33
Q

Zoogloea

A

beta; important in activity of activated sludge system (sewage treatment plant)

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34
Q

Thiotrichales: Beggiatoa

A

gamma; aquatic chemoheterotrophs that convert H2S to S

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35
Q

Thiotrichales: Francisella tularensis

A

gamma; causes tularemia

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36
Q

Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonas

A

gamma; opportunistic bacteria with polar flagells

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37
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

wound and urinary tract infections

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38
Q

Pseudomonadales: Azotobacter and Azomonas

A

gamma; nitrogen fixing

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39
Q

Pseudomonadales: Moraxella lacunata

A

gamma; causes conjunctinitis

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40
Q

Pseudomonas: Acinetobacter baumanii

A

gamma; respiratory pathogen resistant to antibiotics; mimics TB

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41
Q

Legionellales Legionella

A

found in streams, warm water pipes, coolling towers - causes legionellosis; gamma

42
Q

Legionellales Coxiella burnetii

A

gamma; causes Q fever; transmitted via aerosols or milk

43
Q

Vibrionales cholerae

A

gamma; cauess cholera

44
Q

Vibrionales parahaemolyticus

A

gamma; causes gastroenteritis

45
Q

Enterobacteriales

A

gamma; inhabit intestinal tract; produce ethyl alcohol (ferment carbohydrates); facultative anaerobes, peritrichous flagella

46
Q

Enterobacteriales: Escheria coli

A

indicateor of fecal contamination, causes foodborne illnesses and UTIs

47
Q

Enterobacteriales Salmonella

A

2400 serovars, common form of foodborne illness, Salmonella typhii causes typhoid fever

48
Q

Enterobacteriales Shigella

A

causes bacillary dysentary

49
Q

Enterobacteriales Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

causes pneumonia; opportunistic bacteria

50
Q

Enterobacteriales Serratia

A

produces red pigment; common cause of nosocomial infection

51
Q

Enterobacteriales Proteus

A

swarming motility, colonies form concentric rings

52
Q

Enterobacteriales Yersinia pestis

A

causes plague, transmitted via fleas

53
Q

Enterobacteriale Erwinia

A

plant pathogens

54
Q

Enterobacteriales: E. cloacae and E. aurogenes

A

causes UTI and nosocomial infections

55
Q

Enterobacteriales Cronobacter sakazakii

A

causes meningitis found in variety of environments and food

56
Q

Pasteurellales: Pasteurella multocida

A

gamma; pathogen of domestic animals transmitted to humans via animal bites

57
Q

Pasteurellales: Haemophilus

A

gamma; requires X factor (heme) and V factor (NAD and NADP) in media

58
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

gamma; causes meningitis, ear aches, epiglottitis

59
Q

Bdellovibrio

A

delta; attacks other gram negative bacteria

60
Q

Desulfovirbrionales

A

delta; use S or SO4-2 as electron acceptor; found in anaerobic sediments and intestinal tracts

61
Q

Myxococcales

A

delta; move by gliding and leave slime trail, cells aggregate and form fruiting body containing myxospores - evolutionary link to fungus

62
Q

epsilonproteobacteria

A

helical or curved, microaerophilic

63
Q

Campylobacter

A

epsilon; one polar flagellum

64
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

epsilon; causes foodborne intertinal disease

65
Q

Helicobacter

A

epsilon; multiple flagella, causes peptic ulcers and stomach cancer

66
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

carry out photosynthesis, contain heterocysts (can fix nitrogen), gas vesicles to provide buoyancy, unicellular or filamentous

67
Q

Phyla Chlorobi and CHloroflexi

A

carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis, using H2S (chemosynthesis)

68
Q

phylum Chlorobi

A

green sulfur

69
Q

phylum Chloroflexi

A

green nonsulfar

70
Q

purple sulfur and purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria are

A

proteobacteria

71
Q

Chlamydiae

A

no peptidoglycan in cell wall, grow intracellularly

72
Q

Chlamydia and Chlamydophila

A

form elementary body that is infective

73
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

causes trachoma and urethritis

74
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci

A

causes respiratory psittacosis

75
Q

Bacteroidetes

A

gram negative, anaerobic, found in mouth and large intestine; cytophage degrade cellulose in soil - recycle nutrients

76
Q

Fusobacteria

A

gram negative, anaerobic, found in mouth, cause dental abscesses

77
Q

Spirochaetes

A

gram negative, coiled, move via axial filaments

78
Q

Spirochaetes: Treponema pallidum

A

causes syphilis

79
Q

Spirochaetes: Borrelia bergdorfia

A

causes relapsing fever and Lyme disease

80
Q

Spirochaetes: Leptospira

A

excreted in animal urine

81
Q

firmicutes

A

low G and C ratio, gram positive

82
Q

actinobacteria

A

high G and C ratio, gram positive, often pleomorphic, branching filaments, live in soil

83
Q

Clostridiales: Clostridium

A

firmicute, endospore producing, obligate anaerobes

84
Q

Bacillales Bacillus

A

firmicute, endospore producing rods

85
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

causes anthrax

86
Q

Bacillus thuringiensis

A

insect pathogen

87
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

food poisoning

88
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

firmicute, causes wound infections, antibiotic resistant, produces enterotoxin

89
Q

Lactobacillus

A

firmicute, aerotolerant anaerobes, produce lactic acid from carbs - used commercially in food production

90
Q

Lactobacillus: Streptococcus

A

spherical chains, produce enzymes that destroy tissue

91
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

beta hemolytic hemolyze blood agar

92
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans

A

non beta hemolytic, cause pneumonia and cavities respectively

93
Q

Lactobacillus: Enterococcus

A

found in intestinal tract, hospital contaminants

94
Q

Enterococcus faecalis and Entero faecium

A

infect surgical wounds and urinary tract

95
Q

Lactobacillus: Listeria monocytogenes

A

contaminate food

96
Q

mycobacterium

A

actinobacteria, outer most layer of mycolic acid that is waxy, water resistant - evolutionary link to fungus

97
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

causes TB

98
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

causes leprosy

99
Q

Streptomyces

A

actinobacteria, acid fast, produce most antibiotics

100
Q

Actinomyces

A

actinobacteria, form filaments in mouth and throat, destroy tissue

101
Q

why havent many bacteria not been identified

A

have not been cultured, they grow everywhere, part of complex food chains requiring products of other bacteria, high mutation rate

Microbiology (8 decks)

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