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Prokaryotes Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

gram positive

A

peptidoglycan layer ourside, gram stain purple

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2
Q

gram negative

A

peptidoglycan layer between, gram stain pink

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3
Q

proteobacteria

A

gram negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria; largest taxonomic group of bacteria (five classes)

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4
Q

alphaproteobacteria

A

most capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients, have stalks or buds

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5
Q

Pelagibacter

A

alpha; one of most abundant microorganisms in ocean - important role in carbon cycle

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6
Q

Azospirillum

A

alpha; fixes nitrogen

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7
Q

Acetobacter and Gluconobacter

A

alpha; convert ethanol into acetic acid

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8
Q

Rickettsia

A

alpha; obligate intracellular parasite that causes spotted fevers; transmitted by tick and insect bites

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9
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

epidemic typhus

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10
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

endemic murine typhus

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11
Q

Rickettsia ricketsii

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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12
Q

Ehrlichia

A

alpha; causes ehrlichiosis (infection that kills WBCs); transmitted by ticks

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13
Q

Caulobacter and Hyphomicrobium

A

alpha; low nutrient aquatic environments; form prosthecae, reproduce via budding

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14
Q

what does Hyphomicrobium form when budding

A

hypha

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15
Q

Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium

A

alpha; fix nitrogen

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16
Q

Agrobacterium

A

alpha; plant pathogen that causes crown gall; inserts tumor inducing plasmid - good for genetic engineering

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17
Q

Bartonella

A

alpha: human pathogen

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18
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

causes cat-scratch disease

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19
Q

Brucella

A

alpha; obligate parasite in mammals, survives phagocytosis; causes brucellosis

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20
Q

Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas

A

alpha; chemoheterotrophs, uses carbon dioxide as carbon source

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21
Q

Nitrosomonas converts

A

NH4+ to NO2-

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22
Q

Nitrobacter converts

A

NO2- to NO3-

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23
Q

Wolbachia

A

alpha; endosymbiont of insects, affects reproduction of insects

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24
Q

Acidothiobacillus

A

beta; chemoautotrophic; oxidizes H2S to SO4-2

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25
Spirillum
beta; found in freshwater, move via flagella
26
Sphaerotilus
beta; found in freshwater and sewage, form sheaths to aid in protection and nutrient gathering - may be first form of communication and colony living
27
Burkholderia cepacia
beta; degrades more than 100 organic molecules
28
Burkholderia pseudomallei
beta; causes meliodosis (skin infection, lesions)
29
Bordetella
beta non motile rods
30
Bordetella pertussis
beta; causes whooping cough
31
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
beta; cause of gonorrhoeae
32
Neisseria meningitidis
beta; cause of meningococcal meningitis
33
Zoogloea
beta; important in activity of activated sludge system (sewage treatment plant)
34
Thiotrichales: Beggiatoa
gamma; aquatic chemoheterotrophs that convert H2S to S
35
Thiotrichales: Francisella tularensis
gamma; causes tularemia
36
Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonas
gamma; opportunistic bacteria with polar flagells
37
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
wound and urinary tract infections
38
Pseudomonadales: Azotobacter and Azomonas
gamma; nitrogen fixing
39
Pseudomonadales: Moraxella lacunata
gamma; causes conjunctinitis
40
Pseudomonas: Acinetobacter baumanii
gamma; respiratory pathogen resistant to antibiotics; mimics TB
41
Legionellales Legionella
found in streams, warm water pipes, coolling towers - causes legionellosis; gamma
42
Legionellales Coxiella burnetii
gamma; causes Q fever; transmitted via aerosols or milk
43
Vibrionales cholerae
gamma; cauess cholera
44
Vibrionales parahaemolyticus
gamma; causes gastroenteritis
45
Enterobacteriales
gamma; inhabit intestinal tract; produce ethyl alcohol (ferment carbohydrates); facultative anaerobes, peritrichous flagella
46
Enterobacteriales: Escheria coli
indicateor of fecal contamination, causes foodborne illnesses and UTIs
47
Enterobacteriales Salmonella
2400 serovars, common form of foodborne illness, Salmonella typhii causes typhoid fever
48
Enterobacteriales Shigella
causes bacillary dysentary
49
Enterobacteriales Klebsiella pneumoniae
causes pneumonia; opportunistic bacteria
50
Enterobacteriales Serratia
produces red pigment; common cause of nosocomial infection
51
Enterobacteriales Proteus
swarming motility, colonies form concentric rings
52
Enterobacteriales Yersinia pestis
causes plague, transmitted via fleas
53
Enterobacteriale Erwinia
plant pathogens
54
Enterobacteriales: E. cloacae and E. aurogenes
causes UTI and nosocomial infections
55
Enterobacteriales Cronobacter sakazakii
causes meningitis found in variety of environments and food
56
Pasteurellales: Pasteurella multocida
gamma; pathogen of domestic animals transmitted to humans via animal bites
57
Pasteurellales: Haemophilus
gamma; requires X factor (heme) and V factor (NAD and NADP) in media
58
Haemophilus influenzae
gamma; causes meningitis, ear aches, epiglottitis
59
Bdellovibrio
delta; attacks other gram negative bacteria
60
Desulfovirbrionales
delta; use S or SO4-2 as electron acceptor; found in anaerobic sediments and intestinal tracts
61
Myxococcales
delta; move by gliding and leave slime trail, cells aggregate and form fruiting body containing myxospores - evolutionary link to fungus
62
epsilonproteobacteria
helical or curved, microaerophilic
63
Campylobacter
epsilon; one polar flagellum
64
Campylobacter jejuni
epsilon; causes foodborne intertinal disease
65
Helicobacter
epsilon; multiple flagella, causes peptic ulcers and stomach cancer
66
Cyanobacteria
carry out photosynthesis, contain heterocysts (can fix nitrogen), gas vesicles to provide buoyancy, unicellular or filamentous
67
Phyla Chlorobi and CHloroflexi
carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis, using H2S (chemosynthesis)
68
phylum Chlorobi
green sulfur
69
phylum Chloroflexi
green nonsulfar
70
purple sulfur and purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria are
proteobacteria
71
Chlamydiae
no peptidoglycan in cell wall, grow intracellularly
72
Chlamydia and Chlamydophila
form elementary body that is infective
73
Chlamydia trachomatis
causes trachoma and urethritis
74
Chlamydophila psittaci
causes respiratory psittacosis
75
Bacteroidetes
gram negative, anaerobic, found in mouth and large intestine; cytophage degrade cellulose in soil - recycle nutrients
76
Fusobacteria
gram negative, anaerobic, found in mouth, cause dental abscesses
77
Spirochaetes
gram negative, coiled, move via axial filaments
78
Spirochaetes: Treponema pallidum
causes syphilis
79
Spirochaetes: Borrelia bergdorfia
causes relapsing fever and Lyme disease
80
Spirochaetes: Leptospira
excreted in animal urine
81
firmicutes
low G and C ratio, gram positive
82
actinobacteria
high G and C ratio, gram positive, often pleomorphic, branching filaments, live in soil
83
Clostridiales: Clostridium
firmicute, endospore producing, obligate anaerobes
84
Bacillales Bacillus
firmicute, endospore producing rods
85
Bacillus anthracis
causes anthrax
86
Bacillus thuringiensis
insect pathogen
87
Bacillus cereus
food poisoning
88
Staphylococcus aureus
firmicute, causes wound infections, antibiotic resistant, produces enterotoxin
89
Lactobacillus
firmicute, aerotolerant anaerobes, produce lactic acid from carbs - used commercially in food production
90
Lactobacillus: Streptococcus
spherical chains, produce enzymes that destroy tissue
91
Streptococcus pyogenes
beta hemolytic hemolyze blood agar
92
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans
non beta hemolytic, cause pneumonia and cavities respectively
93
Lactobacillus: Enterococcus
found in intestinal tract, hospital contaminants
94
Enterococcus faecalis and Entero faecium
infect surgical wounds and urinary tract
95
Lactobacillus: Listeria monocytogenes
contaminate food
96
mycobacterium
actinobacteria, outer most layer of mycolic acid that is waxy, water resistant - evolutionary link to fungus
97
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
causes TB
98
Mycobacterium leprae
causes leprosy
99
Streptomyces
actinobacteria, acid fast, produce most antibiotics
100
Actinomyces
actinobacteria, form filaments in mouth and throat, destroy tissue
101
why havent many bacteria not been identified
have not been cultured, they grow everywhere, part of complex food chains requiring products of other bacteria, high mutation rate

Microbiology (8 decks)

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