G4: Problem solving and creativity

Question 1

• to narrow down the multiple possibilities to converge on a single best answer

Answer 1

CONVERGENT

Question 2

breaking down the whole of a complex problem into manageable elements

Answer 2

ANALYSIS

Question 3

putting together various elements to arrange them into something useful.

Answer 3

SYNTHESIS

Question 4

• you try to generate a diverse assortment of possible alternative solutions to a problem

Answer 4

DIVERGENT

Question 5

are problems that are defined completely and resolved with certainty; they have single correct answers that are ultimately available.

Answer 5

Well-Structured Problem

Question 6

is the universe of all possible actions that can be applied to solving a problem

Answer 6

Problem Space

Question 7

are sequences of operations in a problem space) that may be repeated over and over again

Answer 7

Algorithms

Question 8

informal, intuitive, speculative strategies that sometimes lead to an effective solution and sometimes do not

Answer 8

Heuristics

Question 9

There are no clear, readily available paths to solution. this has no clear or immediately obvious solution. There can be multiple ways of approaching the problem or even recognizing it.

Answer 9

Ill-Structured Problem

Question 10

is a distinctive and sometimes seemingly sudden understanding of a problem or of a strategy that aids in solving the problem.

Answer 10

Insight

Question 11

______ HELD THAT INSIGHT PROBLEMS
REQUIRE PROBLEM SOLVERS TO PERCEIVE THE PROBLEM AS A WHOLE.

Answer 11

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS

Question 12

WROTE ABOUT PRODUCTIVE THINKING, WHICH INVOLVES INSIGHTS THAT GO BEYOND THE BOUNDS OF EXISTING ASSOCIATIONS.

Answer 12

MAX WERTHEIMER

Question 13

SOME RESEARCHERS HAVE FOUND THAT INSIGHTFUL PROBLEM SOLVING CAN BE DISTINGUISHED FROM NON-INSIGHTFUL PROBLEM SOLVING IN TWO wAYS

Answer 13

NEO - GESTALTIST VIEW

Question 14

WHEN GIVEN ROUTINE PROBLEMS TO SOLVE, PROBLEM SOLVERS SHOW REMARKABLE ACCURACY IN THEIR ABILITY TO PREDICT THEIR OWN SUCCESS

Answer 14

METCALFE, 1986; METCALFE & WIEBE,
1987

Question 15

ACCORDING TO _____ and _____, THE PERSON HAS TO SEARCH IS TO USE A STRATEGY CALLED MEANS END ANALYSIS and SUBGOALS

Answer 15

NEWELL AND SIMON

Question 16

• THE PRIMARY GOAL OF MEANS END ANALYSIS IS TO REDUCE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE INITIAL AND THE GOAL STATES.

Answer 16

MEANS END ANALYSIS

Question 17

• INTERMIDIATE STATES THAT ARE CLOSER TO THE GOAL

Answer 17

SUBGOALS

Question 18

• THE SOLUTION TO A SIMILAR PROBLEM TO GUIDE A SOLUTION OF A NEW PROBLEM

Answer 18

ANALOGICAL PROBLEM SOLVING

Question 19

• SOLVING ONE PROBLEM TO SOLVING ANOTHER PROBLEM; SIMILAR PROBLEM

Answer 19

ANALOGICAL TRANSFER

Question 20

• THE PARTICIPANT IS TRYING TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM.

Answer 20

TARGET PROBLEM

Question 21

• ANOTHER PROBLEM THAT SHARES SOME SIMILARITIES WITH THE TARGET
  PROBLEM AND ILLUSTRATES A WAY TO SOLVE THE TARGET PROBLEM.

Answer 21

SOURCE PROBLEM

Question 22

• ANALOGOUS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOURCE PROBLEM AND TARGET PROBLEM

Answer 22

NOTICING

Question 23

• CORRESPONDS BETWEEN SOURCE PROBLEM AND TARGET PROBLEM.

Answer 23

MAPPING

Question 24

• GENERATE A PARALLEL SOLUTION TO THE TARGET PROBLEM.

Answer 24

APPLYING

Question 25

• THE PROCESS BY WHICH TWO PROBLEMS ARE COMPARED AND SIMILARITIES BET LEEN THEM ARE DETERMINED.

Answer 25

ANALOGICAL ENCODING

Question 26

• NEGOTIATING STRATEGY IN WHICH ONE ANOTHER PERSON SAYS TO ANOTHER.

Answer 26

TRADE -OFF STRATEGY

Question 27

NEGOTIATING STRATEGY IN WHICH A PERSON GETS WHAT HE/SHE WANTS IF SOMETHING ELSE HAPPENS.

Answer 27

CONTINGENCY STRATEGY

Question 28

is a process in which the brain undergoes adaptive structural and functional Changes.

Answer 28

Brain Plasticity

Question 29

it refers to the brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt its functions by forming new neural connections or altering existing ones.

Answer 29

FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY

Question 30

refers to the brain’s ability to physically change its structure by forming new neurons, synapses, or altering existing ones.

Answer 30

Structural plasticity

Question 31

focuses on a student’s individual skill threshold, emphasizes interactive rehearsal for skill acquisition, aims for higher levels of sustained effort, and uses homework to advance clinical ability. Empirical research suggests that it can significantly improve the effectiveness and effieceincy of psychotherapy education and training.

Answer 31

deliberate practice