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Anatomy > G44: Interior of the braincase > Flashcards

G44: Interior of the braincase Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Calvaria

A

skull cap

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2
Q

Inner and outer plates of bones of the skull

A

compact bone

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3
Q

Diploe

A

a layer of spongy bone between inner an outer plates, containing bone marrow

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4
Q

Veins of the diploe

A

Valveless and courses through the diploe to drain into the dural venous sinuses, possible route of infection because they communicate with veins of face and scalp

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5
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

areas where mucous membranes from the nasal cavity invade the spongy bone, forming air filled spaces with respiratory epithelial lining, secretions drain into nasal cavity

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6
Q

Anterior fontanelle

A

bregma; closes at 2 mo

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7
Q

Posterior fontanelle

A

lambda; closes at 6 mo

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8
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

a midline groove in the inner aspect of the calvaria

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9
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

small depressions along the superior sagittal sinus groove

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10
Q

Anterior cranial fossa accomodates

A

frontal lobes

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11
Q

Anterior cranial fossa is formed by the

A

orbital plates of frontal bones, body and lesser wings of sphenoid bone, and cribiform plates and crista galli of ethmoid

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12
Q

Anterior attachment point for the flax cerebri

A

crista galli

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13
Q

Cribiform plates

A

(anterior fossa) lie on either side of the crista galli and contain numerous foramina for the transmission of the OLFACTORY NERVE FILA from the nasal cavity

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14
Q

Foramen Cecum

A

(anterior fossa) a small opening anterior to the crista galli that allows passage of an EMISSARY VEIN from the nasal cavity to the superior sagittal sinus (possible route of infection)

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15
Q

Middle Cranial fossa accomodates

A

the temporal lobes and pituitary gland

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16
Q

Middle cranial fossa is formed by..

A

body and greater wings of sphenoid and squamous and petrous part of temporal bone

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17
Q

Sella turcica

A

body of the sphenoid that contains the hypophysial fossa, between anterior and posterior clinoid processes

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18
Q

Sphenoid paranasal sinuses

A

lie immediately inferior to the sella turcica

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19
Q

Chiasmatic groove

A

anterior to the sella turcica, depression created by the optic chiasm and leads into the optic canals

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20
Q

Optic canal

A

transmits OPTIC N and OPTHALMIC a. from middle cranial fossa to the orbit

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21
Q

Carotid groove

A

lateral to the sella turcica, shallow depression caused by the internal carotid a.leads to carotid canal

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22
Q

Superior Orbital fissure

A

slit-like opening that lies between the greater and lesser wing of sphenoid. Transmits: CN3, CN4, CN5-1, CN6 to the orbit

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23
Q

Foramen Rotundum

A

in greater wing, transmits: CN5-2 maxillary div to the pterygopalatine fossa

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24
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

greater wing, transmits: CN5-3 mandibular div to the infratemporal fossa

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25
Foramen Spinosum
opening near spine of sphenoid, transmits: middle meningeal artery and vein from infratemporal fossa to interior braincase, grooves radiating out from foramen spinosum caused by meningeal vessels
26
Carotid canal
internal carotid a. enters the cavernous sinus
27
Foramen lacerum
filled with cartilage in living
28
Hiatus and groove for greater and lesser petrosal nerves
cross the middle cranial fossa floor posterolaterally
29
Depression for the trigeminal ganglion
between endosteal and meningeal layers or the dura, two layers of the dura enclose the ganglion creating the trigeminal cave of Meckel
30
trigeminal cave of Meckel
two layers of the dura enclosing the trigeminal ganglion
31
Posterior cranial fossa accommodates...
cerebellum, pons, and medulla
32
Posterior cranial fossa is formed by
occipital bone, petrous and mastoid process of temporal bone
33
Clivus
a marked incline from the foramen magnum to the dorsum sellae, formed by the basilar portion of the occipital bone and sphenoid bone
34
Foramen magnum
Transmits: spinal cord, vertebral a. and v. and spinal roots of CN 11
35
Internal acoustic meatus
in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, transmits CN 7 and 8
36
Jugular foramina
Transmits: CN 9,10,11, point at which the sigmoid and inferior petrosal sinus becomes the internal jugular v
37
Hypoglossal canal
lateral aspect of foramen magnum, transmits CN12
38
Pia mater
delicate thin directly adhered to the brain
39
Arachnoid mater
transparent, separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space
40
Subarachnoid space
contains CSF, and is traversed by trabeculae
41
Trabeculae
traverse the subarachnoid space and connect the pia mater to the arachnoid mater
42
Arachnoid granulations
folded, tuft-like projections of the arachnoid mater that protrude through the dura and drain the CSF into the dural venous system
43
Dura mater
thick, dense fibrous layer, that is split into inner and outer layers
44
Inner meningeal layer of the dura mater
closely associated with the arachnoid mater, separated by the subdural layer
45
Outer endosteal layer of the dura mater
Adherent to the skull, forms the periosteum of the inner surface, called endocranium
46
The dura has 4 folds:
Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae
47
Falx cerebri
separates cerebrum hemispheres in the midline, attaches at crista galli and internal occipital protuberance
48
Tentorium cerebelli
horizontal fold that separates occipital lobes from cerebellum, attaches to the anterior and posterior clinoid processes along the transverse sinus groove to the falx cerebri
49
Tentorial notch
between the free edge of the tentorium cerebri and the clivus
50
Tentorial herniation
intracranial pressure superior to the tentorium may force part of the temporal lobe through the notch
51
Falx cerebelli
separates the cerebellar hemispheres; from the internal occipital protuberance to the foramen magnum
52
Diaphragma sellae
circular horizontal fold over the hypophyseal fossa in the sella turcica with a central aperture for the stalk of the pituitary gland
53
Dural venous sinuses
endothelium-lined spaces between dura (endosteal and meningeal or folded meningeal layers), carry blood and CSF from arachnoid granulations and drain into the internal jugular vein
54
Superior sagittal sinus
in convex superior edge of the falx cerebri, courses posteriorly to the internal occipital protuberance to confluence of sinuses
55
inferior sagittal sinus
inferior margin of falx cerebri to the point where tentorium and falx cerebri meet to drain into the straight dinus
56
Straight sinus
where falx cerebri and tentorium meet, receives drainage from inferior sagittal sinus, and drains into the internal occipital protuberance (confluence of sinuses)
57
Occipital sinus
within the falx cerebelli and drains into the confluence of sinuses
58
Confluence of sinuses
dilation of sinuses at the internal occipital protuberance where the straight, superior sagittal and occipital sinuses converge
59
Transverse sinuses
exit the confluence of sinuses laterally in the tentorium cerebelli
60
Sigmoid sinus
continuation of the transverse sinus as it courses inferiorly to reach the jugular foramen
61
Cavernous sinus
lie on either side of the sellae turcica and receives drainage from opthalmic v. and various sources. The sinus has CN3, 4, 5-1, 5-2 embedded in the dural lining and the internal carotid a. and CN 6 within the sinus (reticulated inside appearance due to trabeculae)
62
Superior petrosal sinus
from the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus running along the superior petrosal ridge
63
Inferior petrosal sinus
from the cavernous sinus to the jugular v, along the inferior edge of the petrosal ridge
64
Main blood supply to the meninges
Middle meningeal artery (Foramen spinosum)
65
Sensory innervation of meninges
CN5 and CN10
66
Epidural hemorrhage
between calvaria and endosteal layer of dura mater, tear of middle meningeal a., slow compression of brain
67
Subdural hemorrhage
between dura and arachnoid, slow due to low pressure
68
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
common after a stroke - rapid
69
Intracranial hemorrhage
bleed into brain tissue itself
70
Cribiform plate transmits
olfactory CN ! fila
71
Optic Canal transmits
Optic n. CN II and opthalmic a. and v.
72
Superior orbital fissure transmits
Oculomotor CN3, Trochlear n. CN 4, Opthalmic div of trigeminal CN5-1, Abducens CN6
73
Foramen rotundum
Maxillary div of Trigeminal n. CN 5-2
74
Foramen ovale
Mandibular div of Trigeminal n. CN5-3
75
Internal acoustic meatus
Facial n. CN7 and Vestibulocochlear n. CN8
76
Jugular foramen
glossopharyngeal CN9 and Vagus CN10 and Accessory n. CN11
77
Hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal n. CN12
78
A blow to the head may fracture the inner plate
bone fragments can lacerate blood vessels near inner surface of cranium
79
grooves in the inner aspect of calvaria
for meningeal vessels and emissary veins
80
Foramina of anterior cranial fossa
Foramina for olfactory nerve fila and foramen cecum

Anatomy (14 decks)

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