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Anatomy > G45 Skull Growth and Dev > Flashcards

G45 Skull Growth and Dev Flashcards

1
Q

Neurocranium

A

round bony case that surrounds the brain (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid

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2
Q

Viscerocranium

A

bones of the face derived from pharyngeal arches (maxilla, zygomatic, inferior nasal concha, lacrimal, palatine, nasal, ethmoid, and vomer)

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3
Q

Mandible processes

A

Alveolar: houses teeth, coronoid: temporalis tendon insertion, condylar: supporting the mandibular condyle

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4
Q

Norma frontalis

A

anterior view of the face

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5
Q

7 bones comprising the orbit

A

Frontal, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, sphenoid, ethmoid

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6
Q

Orbital apertures

A

superior and inferior orbital fissure, nasolacrimal duct, and optic foramen

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7
Q

Bones comprising the piriform aperture

A

nasal, maxilla; vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid forming nasal septum; Nasal concha (middle and superior are ethmoid bone) inferior nasal concha is separate bone

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8
Q

Norma Lateralis

A

lateral view

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9
Q

Temporal fossa

A

containing the temporalis m.

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10
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

attachment site for masseter and temporalis fascia

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11
Q

Norma basalis

A

inferior view

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12
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

fossa in temporal bone forming the cranial portion of the TMJ

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13
Q

Pterygoid plates

A

projections of the sphenoid bone that serve as muscle attachment sites

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14
Q

Separates anterior from middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoidal crest

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15
Q

Separates the middle and posterior cranial fossa

A

Petrous ridge

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16
Q

Craniosyntosis

A

premature closure of a cranial suture

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17
Q

Scaphocephaly

A

long, narrow skull due to premature closure of the sagittal suture

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18
Q

Brachycephaly

A

short, wide skull due to premature closure of coronal suture

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19
Q

Squamosal suture

A

between the temporal and parietal bones

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20
Q

Pterion

A

H-shaped region on lateral side of cranium where the frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bone meet

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21
Q

A blow to the pterion could result in…

A

epidural hematoma due to the middle meningeal artery running along the interior of the pterion

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22
Q

Bregma

A

anterior fontanelle in newborns

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23
Q

Lambda

A

posterior fontanelle in newborns

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24
Q

Ectoderm

A

neural tube (CNS), neural crest (meninges, bones of face, muscles, etc), outer epithelium (skin, glands, hair, nails, lens and cornea)

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25
Mesoderm
``` Paraxial mesoderm (Axial bones, muscles, and CT) Intermediate mesoderm (kidneys, reproductive, genitals) Lateral plate mesoderm (CT of body wall, GI, respiratory, vessels, limbs, heart) ```
26
Endoderm
lining of GI, auditory, respiratory, and bladder
27
Bilaminar disc
Week 2; epiblast and hypoblast
28
Epiblast
primitive ectoderm
29
Hypoblast
primitive endoderm
30
Trilaminar disc
Week 3; formation of the intraembryonic mesoderm
31
Primitive streak
a ridge within the epiblast and cells migrate in
32
Primitive node
node at the cephalic end of the primitive streak
33
Notochord
rod-like column forms as cells from the epiblast enter the primitive pit
34
neural plate
ectoderm overlying the notchord that is induced to become neural cells
35
Neural tube
created by invagination of the neural plate; give rise to CNS
36
Neural crest cells
lie adjacent to the neural tube and give rise to parts of the face and skull
37
Intraembryonic mesoderm
mesenchyme (undifferentiated CT) and paraxial mesoderm (somites)
38
Somitomeres and somites give rise to | Intraembryonic mesoderm
bones of the cranial base and posterior cranial vault (mesenchye -> osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts)
39
Neural crest mesenchyme give rise to | ectoderm
bones of the face and anterior cranial vault and base
40
Do ossification pathways of the skull reflect location or origin?
Reflect cranial region, NOT primordial origin
41
Intramembranous ossification
Flat bones, cranial VAULT, facial bones, Mesenchyme -> osteoblasts dermis replaced with bone
42
Endochondral ossification
rest of bones of head; mesenchyme-> chondroblasts-> osteoblasts; dermis, hyaline cartilage, bone
43
Cranial base ossifies via
endochondral ossification
44
cranial vault ossifies via
intramembranous ossification
45
viscerocranium ossifies via
intramembranous ossification
46
Cranial base bones
ethmoid, sphenoid, petrous temporal, occipital
47
Cranial base is derived from
BOTH neural crest cell and paraxial mesoderm
48
Stage 1 of Cranial BASE development
Formation of basal plate (fusion of parachordal cartilage), ethmoid plate (fusion of prechodal cartilage), olfactory capsule, otic capsule, and optic capsule
49
Cartilaginous Basal plate
forms from parachordal cartilage lateral to notochord, fusing across midline
50
Ethmoid plate
Prechordal cartilage anterior to notochord fuse
51
Cartilaginous Olfactory capsule
surrounds olfactory epithelium
52
Cartilaginous Otic capsule
surrounds otocyst
53
Optic capsule
forms around retina forms sclerotic coat
54
Stage 2 of Cranial base development
Fusion of ethmoid plate and olfactory capsule, basal plate and otic capsule, ethmoid and basal plate (hypophyseal fenestra - midline hole remains for pituitary gland)
55
Stage 3 of Cranial base development
Pit for pituitary gland and internal carotid, cartilaginous walls for braincase, and cartilage forms around cranial nerves and vessels (foramina)
56
Stage 4 of Cranial base development
Ossification; occipital center, sphenoid center, ethmoid center, and otic center (petrous temporal), synchondroses (cartilage between centers) remain until adulthood
57
Spheno-occipital synchondrosis fuses..
late teens
58
Achondroplasia
cartilage does not grow properly and the endochondral portions of the skull (cranial base) are smaller and the intramembranous portions appear enlarged
59
Cranial vault development - intramembranous
frontal, squamous temporal, parietal; neural crest cells become mesenchyme that settles in the SUBDERMIS and becomes fibroblasts and scleroblasts
60
Microcephaly
brain and braincase are abnormally small; impaired brain growth (not craniosyntosis)
61
Hydrocephaly
accumulation of intracranial CSF causing abnormal expansion of the braincase
62
External pressure has an effect on which type of ossification
Intramembranous ossification
63
Viscerocranium bones include... and develop...
Maxilla, mandible, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, vomer, and palatine; INTRAMEMBRANOUS ossification
64
Bones of middle ear and hyoid bone ossify via
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
65
Two main parts of the cranium
Neurocranium (bones encasing brain) and viscerocranium (facial bones)
66
Paired bones the contribute to the neurocranium? Unpaired?
parietal and temporal; occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid
67
Paired bones of the viscerocranium? Unpaired?
maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, inf. nasal concha, palatine, nasal; vomer, ethmoid
68
Craniosyntosis
premature closure of sutures; scaphocephaly and brachycephaly
69
What parts of the cranium form endochondrally? intramembranously?
Endo: cranial base; Intra: cranial vault and viscerocranium
70
Neural crest regions and paraxial mesoderm regions?
Neural: face, anterior cranial vault and base; Paraxial: Posterior cranial vault and base
71
Bones that form endochondrally?
occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, petrous part of temporal

Anatomy (14 decks)

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