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Anatomy > G53: The Pharynx > Flashcards

G53: The Pharynx Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

The pharynx connects the

A

nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus and larynx

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2
Q

Pharynx has complete _________ walls and incomplete ________ walls

A

posterior and lateral walls; anterior walls

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3
Q

Retropharyngeal space

A

space between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia

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4
Q

External layers of pharynx

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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5
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia

A

outer surface of buccinator, continuous with pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

Outer layer of muscle - Pharyngeal constrictors

A

outer layer of voluntary muscle, circular in orientation

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7
Q

Inner layer of muscle

A

stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus, longitudinal in orientation

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8
Q

Internal fibrous layer of pharynx

A

pharyngobasilar fascia, suspends pharynx from skull

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9
Q

Mucosa of pharynx

A

abundant mucosal glands and lymph tissue (esp in tonsils)

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10
Q

Nasopharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavity

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11
Q

choanae

A

posterior nasal aperture opens into nasopharynx

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12
Q

Auditory tubes

A

open into lateral wall of nasopharynx

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13
Q

Torus Tubarius

A

bulge over the cartilage tube

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14
Q

Salphingopharyngeal fold

A

runs inferior from torus tubarius

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15
Q

Pharyngeal recess

A

narrow space posterior to torus tubarius and salpingopharyngeal fold

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16
Q

Soft palate separates

A

nasopharynx and oropharynx

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17
Q

Pharyngeal isthmus

A

the communication between the oro- and nasopharynx (posterior to soft palate)

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18
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil

A

adenoids, superior region of posterior wall of naso pharynx

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19
Q

Enlarged adenoids

A

may block auditory tube, cause hearing impairment, difficulty breathing or talking

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20
Q

Oropharynx

A

posterior to oral cavity

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21
Q

Oropharyngeal isthmus

A

communication between oropharynx and oral cavity, between palatoglossal folds

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22
Q

Faucial isthmus

A

deeper passageway including oropharyngeal isthmus and extending to the PALATOPHARYNGEAL FOLDS

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23
Q

palatoglossal folds

A

first M-arch you see in the back of your mouth

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24
Q

Palatopharyngeal folds

A

deeper M-arch seen in back of mouth

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25
Anterior wall of oropharynx
tongue
26
Lingual tonsil
covers posterior part of tongue
27
Palatine tonsils
on lateral walls between palatoglossal folds and palatopharyngeal folds
28
Tonsillar fossa
houses the palatine tonsils, depression between palatoglossal folds and palatopharyngeal folds
29
Tonsillar crypts
grooves seen on the palatine tonsils
30
Valleculae
depressions between tongue and epiglottis, where swallowed objects get lodged.
31
Laryngopharynx
posterior to larynx
32
Anterior wall of Laryngopharynx
posterior aspect of larynx
33
Laryngopharynx communicates with
inlet of larynx and esophagus
34
Piriform recess
lateral to cricoid cartilage, food my get lodged here
35
Superior constrictor anterior attachments
medial pterygoid plate and pterygomandibular raphe (same as buccinator)
36
pterygomandibular raphe
band of fibrous tissue running from pterygoid hamulus to body of mandible
37
Superior constrictor posterior attachments
median pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle on occipital bone
38
Middle constrictor anterior attachment
stylohyoid ligament and horns of hyoid bone
39
Middle constrictor posterior attachment
median pharyngeal raphe (overlaps superior constrictor)
40
Inferior constrictor anterior attachment
thyroid and cricoud cartilage of larynx
41
Inferior constrictor posterior attachment
median pharyngeal raphe (overlaps middle constrictor)
42
Action of all constrictors?
constrict and shorten (elevate) the pharynx
43
Inferior constrictor has an additional action?
circular layer of muscle that acts as a sphincter, preventing air from entering the esophagus
44
Pulsion diverticulum
if you do not relax the inferior constrictor during swallowing you may cause a herniation of mucosa through the muscular layer
45
Stylopharyngeus origin
styloid process of temporal bone
46
Stylopharyngeus insertion
thyroid cartilage and inner wall of laryngopharynx
47
What muscles does the stylopharyngeus pass between?
superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors (along with glossopharyngeal)
48
Palatopharyngeus superior attachment
soft palate
49
Palatopharyngeus inferior attachment
thyroid cartilage and inner wall of laryngopharynx (same as stylopharyngeus)
50
Action of stylopharyngeus
shorten (elevate) pharynx and elevate larynx
51
Action of Palatopharyngeus
Elevates pharynx and larynx, depresses soft palate and narrows space palatopharyngeal folds
52
Salpingopharyngeus superior attachment
medial cartilage of auditory tube
53
Salpingopharyngeus inferior attachment
blends with Palatopharyngeus; some fibers insert on thyroid cartilage
54
Action of Salpingopharyngeus
Open the auditory tube, elevate pharynx and larynx
55
Velum
soft palate
56
Uvula
part of the soft palate
57
Soft palate composition
mucous and seromucous glands on inferior aspect and muscle
58
Soft palate attachment
hard palate anteriorly and walls of pharynx laterally
59
Palatoglossus muscle superior attachment
soft palate
60
Palatoglossus muscle inferior attachment
sides of tongue
61
Action of Palatoglossus muscle
depress soft palate, elevate tongue, narrow oropharyngeal isthmus (seal for sucking and swallowing)
62
Levator Veli Palatini origin
petrous part of temporal bone
63
Levator Veli Palatini insertion
soft palate
64
Action of Levator Veli Palatini
elevate soft palate and draw it posteriorly (MAIN mechanism for closing pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing or for speech)
65
Tensor Veli palatini origin
scaphoid fossa and lateral membranous wall of auditory tube
66
Tensor Veli palatini insertion
tendon via the pterygoid hamulus; the palatine aponeurosis attaches to posterior margin of the hard palate and opposite half of aponeurosis
67
palatine aponeurosis
tendon of tensor veli palatini becomes the aponeurosis after passing the hamulus
68
Action of Tensor Veli palatini
opens the auditory tube by pulling on its lateral membranous wall during swallowing or yawning
69
Innervation of Tensor Veli palatini
mandibular division of trigeminal n
70
Stylopharyngeus innervation
glossopharyngeal n
71
What nerve primarily innervates the pharyngeal and soft palate muscles?
Vagus n.
72
Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies what muscles
voluntary muscles of the esophagus
73
Levator veli palatini is partially supplied by what nerve?
facial n
74
Sensory innervation to the soft palate and nasopahrynx is supplied by
Maxillary division of trigeminal n
75
Oropharynx and part of laryngopharynx sensory innervation is supplied by
glossopharyngeal n
76
What nerve supplies special sensory taste fibers and sensory fibers to the posterior 1/3 of tongue
glossopharyngeal n
77
What nerve supplies the mucus membrane of the auditory tube and middle ear cavity?
glossopharyngeal n.
78
Major portion of laryngopharynx is supplied by
vagus n.
79
What arteries contribute to supplying the pharynx?
maxillary a. (lesser palatine to soft palate), ascending pharyngeal a, superior thyroid a., inferior thyroid a, facial a. branches
80
What veins drain the pharynx
pharnygeal venous plexus, connections to internal jugular v
81
Lymph drainage of pharynx
retropharyngeal nodes -> deep cervical nodes -> jugular lymph trunks
82
Anterior 2/3 of the auditory tube
Cartilage superior and medially, but is membranous laterally
83
Posterior 1/3 of auditory tube is
embedded in the temporal bone
84
Function of auditory tube
equalize air pressure form middle ear cavity and atmosphere for optimal sensitivity to sound
85
Chronic obstruction of auditory tube
air is absorbed and replaced by serous fluid
86
Deglutition
swallowing
87
Tongue movement during deglutition
superiorly and posteriorly
88
Pharyngeal isthmus action during deglutition
closes due to levator veli palatini and superior constrictor
89
Auditory tube during deglutition
OPENS
90
Constrictor action during deglutition
contract in a sequential peristaltic wave
91
Pharynx action during deglutition
elevates past the bolus of food (glove action)
92
Larynx action during deglutition
elevates and epiglottis covers opening, glottis closes
93
Esophagus action during deglutition
sphincter relaxes to let bolus pass and immediately contracts to force bolus down
94
Changes during development
Oropharynx lengthens an laryngeal entrance stays in pharyngeal isthmus (projects into nasopharynx in infants, milk flows laterally around)
95
Benefits for infants and adults
Infants: suckle and breath; Adults: speech progression but more likely to choke
96
Pharynx role in vocalization
controls air in its lumen
97
Less air in pharynx
resonation at a higher sound frequency (high pitch)
98
High pitch mechanism
larynx is raised to reduce volume of oropharynx and pharyngeal isthmus narrows reducing volume of oral cavity

Anatomy (14 decks)

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