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Anatomy > Face and Scalp G43 > Flashcards

Face and Scalp G43 Flashcards

1
Q

Supraorbital notch contains

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves and vessels

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2
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

slit between eyelids

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3
Q

Dorsum of nose

A

runs between the root and apex of nose

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4
Q

External nares

A

openings or nostrils

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5
Q

Alae

A

flared margins of the nostrils

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6
Q

3 nasal cartilages are:

A

lateral, septal, and alar

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7
Q

Vermillion

A

red zone of lips surrounds oral region

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8
Q

Philtrum

A

groove running from nasla septum to the upper lip

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9
Q

Competent lips

A

at rest, lips are lightly closed

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10
Q

Muscles of fascial expression are in what layer?

A

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA and originate on bone of fascia and insert on skin

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11
Q

Orbicularis oculi (3 parts and actions)

A

Orbital part: peripheral portion from orbital margin and medial palpebral ligament
Palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament to lateral palpebral raphe
Lacrimal part: posterior to lacrimal sac
sphincter of the eye

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12
Q

Responsible for less forceful closure of the eye (winking, blinking)

A

palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi

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13
Q

Responsible for forceful closure of eye

A

orbital portion of orbicularis oculi

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14
Q

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

maxilla to upper lip along side of nose, elevates lip and flares nostrils

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15
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

maxilla, inferior margin of orbit (deep to orbicularis oculi) to lateral half of upper lip, elevates lip

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16
Q

Zygomaticus minor

A

zygomatic bone (in front of major) oblique to lateral part of upper lip, elevates upper lip

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17
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

zygomatic bone oblique to corner of mouth, pulls mouth upward and outward, as in smiling and laughing

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18
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

maxilla to corner of mouth (deep to levator labii superiors) elevates corners of mouth

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19
Q

Risorius

A

parotid fascia and buccal skin to corner of mouth, widens mouth

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20
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

mandible to angle of mouth, triangular shaped, depresses corners of mouth (grief)

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21
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

mandible to middle lower lip (fibers decussate), depresses lower lip and pulls it lateral

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22
Q

Mentalis

A

incisive fossa of mandible to chin, raises and protrudes lower lip (pout)

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23
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

fibers encircling the mouth interlacing with other facial muscles and the buccinator; lies within upper and lower lips encircling the oral orifice; protrudes, purses and closes lips

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24
Q

Buccinator

A

pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and maxilla to insert on mouth, forming substance of the cheek, pierced by the parotid duct, aids in chewing, whistling, and blowing

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25
pterygomandibular raphe
ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached superiorly to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and inferiorly to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible
26
What muscle is pierced by the parotid duct
buccinator
27
Platysma
from superficial fascia of the thorax through neck to lower face, wrinkles skin and active in DEEP inspiration
28
Occipitofrontalis
Frontalis + Occipitalis connected by an epicranial aponeurosis
29
Frontalis
epicranial aponeurosis to skin of forehead, wrinkles skin of forehead (both sides injured in Bell's Palsy, in upper motor injury can still move with emotions
30
Occipitalis
occipital bone to epicranial aponeurosis, pulls scalp posteriorly and wrinkles skin on back of head
31
Two muscles of mastication?
Temporalis and Masseter
32
Masseter
zygomatic arch to angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible to ELEVATE mandible and protract
33
Temporalis
temporal fossa (inferior temporal line) and fascia and tendon inserts on coronoid process of mandible, vertical fibers elevate and horizontal fibers retract mandible
34
What nerve innervates muscles of facial expression? (motor)
CN VII Facial n.
35
Path of facial n
through internal auditory meatus -> stylomastoid foramen through Parotid gland
36
Branches of facial n
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical
37
Motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?
Cranial Nerve V3 - Mandibular nerve (trigeminal) | Temporal, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids
38
Sensory innervation to the face?
Cranial nerve V - Trigeminal n.
39
CNV-1
Opthalmic division: sensory to forehead, upper eye, and nose
40
Branches of CNV-1
Supraorbital and supratrochlear n.(medial eye and forehead) via supraorbital foramen (forehead and upper eye)
41
CNV-2
Maxillary division: sensory to lower eyelid, cheek, and upper lip
42
CNV-2 branch
Infraorbital n. via infraorbital foramen
43
CNV-3
Mandibular division: sensory to skin over mandible, lower lip, cheek, auricle, temple and MOTOR to muscles of mastication
44
CNV-3 branches
Mental n.: mental foramen to sensory over lip and mandible Buccal n.: sensory to cheek and mucous membranes Auriculotemporal n.:sensory to face and scalp in temporal region
45
What nerve supplies MOTOR innervation to the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal n.
46
Great auricular n.
From cervical plexus also give sensory innervation to the auricle and angle of mandible
47
Bell's Palsy
unilateral loss of innervation to facial expression muscles, unknown etiology, possibly from viral infection
48
Trigeminal Neuralgia
sensory disorder often involving regions supplied by V-2 and V-3, may be due to small arteries rubbing myelin sheath of trigeminal n.
49
Facial a.
Branch of the external carotid, crosses mandible anterior to masseter (can feel pulse, only covered by skin and platysma), tortuous as it heads towards nose, supplies lips and nose
50
Superficial temporal a.
Terminal branch of external carotid, passes upward in the temporal region
51
Supraorbital a., aupratrochlear a., infraorbital a., and mental a.
ALL course with veins and nerves of same name
52
Superficial temporal v.
joins the maxillary v. to form the retromandibular v.
53
Retromandibular v.
formed by superficial temporal and maxillary v., divides into two branches that will drain into internal and external jugular
54
Facial v.
joins the branch of the retromandibular v. that eventually drains into the internal jugular v., connections to the opthalmic v.
55
How can infection of the face spread to the interior of the cranium?
Bc the facial v. has connections to the opthalmic v, which drains into the interior of the cranium, VALVELESS VEINS allow the blood flow to pass in either direction, allowing infection to pass back into the cranium
56
Opthalmic v.
Opthalmic v. connects with facial v and drains into the cavernous sinus, spreading infections intracranially
57
Parotid lymph node
drains lateral face and scalp
58
Submandibular lymph node
drain upper lip and lateral lower lip
59
Submental lymph node
drain chin and central part of the lower lip
60
Deep cervical lymph nodes
along the internal jugular vein receive lymph from superficial lymph nodes
61
Scalp boundaries
Superior nuchal line to supraorbital margins to zygomatic arches
62
SCALP (S)
Skin: hair, sweat and sebaceous glands
63
SCALP (C)
Connective tissue: Superficial fascia, thick, dense, irregular CT with fat, arteries, veins, and nerves
64
SCALP (A)
Aponeurosis: Epicranial aponeurosis, thin membranous tendon of occipitofrontalis (facial n innervation) Skin, CT, and Aponeurosis are tightly bound
65
SCALP (L)
Loose CT: areolar CT, permitting movement of S,C, and A; fluid accumulation, anteriorly space extends into eyelids
66
SCALP (P)
Periosteum: loosely attached to bone, except over cranial sutures
67
Which layer of the scalp covering would allow fluid to accumulate in the eyes
LOOSE CT
68
Blood supply to scalp
Internal and External carotid branches: Supratrochlear, supraorbital, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital
69
Why would a cut to the scalp bleed profusely?
Extensive anastomoses of the arteries, and the occipitofrontalis m. pulls the cut apart
70
Emissary veins
veins that pass into the skull and drain into the dural venous sinuses
71
Sensory innervation to the scalp
Trigeminal n, C2 and C3 dorsal rami, and cervical plexus (ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves)
72
Parotid gland Region
angle of mandible to zygomatic arch to sternocleidomastoid posteriorly
73
Superficial part of the parotid gland
lies of the surface of the masseter
74
Deep part of the parotid gland
lies behind the ramus of the mandible
75
Deep part of the parotid contains:
External carotid a (terminal branches), retromandibular v., and auriculotemporal n.
76
Parotid duct pierces what muscle? and opens into what?
Buccinator; oral cavity opposite the second upper molar tooth
77
Parotid gland is surrounded by
Dense CT capsule derived from investing fascia of the neck
78
Mumps
causes inflammation of the parotid gland, putting pressure on the capsule, resulting in pain
79
Sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland
postganglionic sympathetic fibers carried on EXTERNAL CAROTID A
80
Parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland
SECRETOMOTOR; postganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried by the auriculotemporal n.
81
Great Auricular Nerve
SENSORY innervation to the parotid gland, parotid sheath, and overlying skin
82
Structures embedded in the parotid gland (superficial to deep) NVA
Facial n. and its divisions, Retromandibular v, External Carotid a. (posterior auricular a., superficial temporal a., maxillary a.)
83
Viscerocranium
face (mainly maxilla and zygomatic)
84
glabella
space between the eyebrows, with crease
85
buccal fat pad
superior to buccinator, prominent in infants
86
the superficial and deep parotid parts are separated by what?
the facial n
87
What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
CN7: Facial N
88
The supratrochlear and supraorbital n are branches of what cranial nerve?
CN5: Trigeminal N, Opthalmic division CN 5-1
89
What 2 muscles can elevates the upper lip
levator labii superioris and levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
90
What nerve innervates the buccinator muscle?
CN7: Facial N
91
Trigeminal nerve division that supplies the area beneath the eye?
Maxillary division -> infraorbital n.

Anatomy (14 decks)

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