Gait (CoM, Energy & Kinetics)

Question 1

Total vertical displacement

Answer 1

5cm

Question 2

Lowest point of vertical displacement

Answer 2

midpoint of double limb-support
5&55% of GC

Question 3

Highest point of vertical displacement

Answer 3

midpoint of single-limb support
30&80% of GC

Question 4

Total side to side displacement

Answer 4

4 cm

Question 5

Highest point of side to side displacement

Answer 5

mid point of single limb support
30%80% of GC

Question 6

Side to side displacement increases with:

Answer 6

Wider BOS (vice versa)

Question 7

CoM After R heel contact

Answer 7

CoM moves forward, upward and toward R LE
continues for first 30% of GC then starts tor everse

Question 8

CoM at mid stance

Answer 8

CoM reaches its highest and most lateral position

Question 9

CoM after mid stance

Answer 9

CoM continues FWD but starts to move downward and to left

Question 10

How does gait impact energy cost of ambulation?

Answer 10

Energy cost increases with abnormal gait

Question 11

Lowest energy expenditure per meter walked is at a speed of approximately:

Answer 11

1.33 m/sec or 80 m/min

Question 12

Decrease vertical displacement of CoM in the horizontal plan

Answer 12

Pelvic rotation

Question 13

Decrease vertical displacement of CoM in the sagittal plane

Answer 13

Ankle motion

Question 14

Decrease vertical displacement of CoM in the stance phase

Answer 14

Knee flexion

Question 15

Decrease vertical displacement of CoM in the frontal plan

Answer 15

Pelvic rotation

Question 16

Decrease side to side displacement of CoM

Answer 16

Frontal plane pelvic rotation (step width)

Question 17

Vertical GRF

Answer 17

120% of BW
Greatest at entrance of gait when CoM is lowest
Lowest at midstance when Com is highest

Question 18

Anterior to posterior GRF

Answer 18

20% of BW
Anterior force is exerted on ground during initial gait, creating a posterior GRF
When rolling through midstance, posterior force is exerted on ground, creating an anterior GRF

Question 19

Medial to lateral GRF

Answer 19

5% of BW
Exert a medially directed force on the ground creating a laterally directed GRF
CoM will stay medial to foot in stance phase, you will exert a lateral force, creating a medial GRF

Question 20

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during initial contact
Ankle (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 20

Posterior
PF

Question 21

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during initial contact
Knee (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 21

Anterior
Extension

Question 22

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during initial contact
Hip (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 22

Anterior
Flexion

Question 23

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during loading response Ankle (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 23

Posterior
PF

Question 24

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during loading response
Knee (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 24

Posterior
Flexion

Question 25

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during loading response Hip (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 25

Anterior Flexion

Question 26

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during mid stance Ankle (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 26

Anterior DF

Question 27

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during mid stance Knee (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 27

Posterior to Anterior Flexion to Extension

Question 28

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during mid stance Hip (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 28

Anterior to Posterior Flexion to Extension

Question 29

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during terminal stance Ankle (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 29

Anterior DF

Question 30

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during terminal stance Knee (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 30

Anterior moves posterior just before CL IC Extension, flexion just before CL IC

Question 31

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during terminal stance Hip (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 31

Posterior Extension

Question 32

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during pre swing Ankle (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 32

Anterior DF

Question 33

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during pre swing Knee (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 33

Posterior Flexion

Question 34

Sagittal Plane Kinetics during pre swing Hip (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 34

Posterior Decreasing Extension

Question 35

Frontal Plane Kinetics Initial Contact & Loading Response Subtalar (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 35

Lateral Eversion

Question 36

Frontal Plane Kinetics Initial Contact & Loading Response Knee (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 36

Medial Varus

Question 37

Frontal Plane Kinetics Initial Contact & Loading Response Hip (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 37

Medial Adduction

Question 38

Frontal Plane Kinetics Mid & Terminal Stance Subtalar (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 38

Lateral to Medial Eversion to inversion

Question 39

Frontal Plane Kinetics Mid & Terminal Stance Knee (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 39

Medial Varus

Question 40

Frontal Plane Kinetics Mid & Terminal Stance Hip (GRF and External Moment)

Answer 40

Medial Adduction