Gastrointestinal Flashcards
(32 cards)
what must you always do when treating an animal for anorexia/hyporexia?
identify and treat the underlying cause!! almost always a secondary issue
what part of the brain is the appetite center and satiety center?
hypothalamus
name two GABA agonists used to stimulate appetite
benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam) and propofol
T/F: propofol is more short term than benzodiazepines when used for appetite stimulation
TRUE, about 15 min. benzodiazepines are also useful short term
what can giving a cat PO diazepam cause?
hepatotoxicity
why might you be cautious in giving a cat propofol to stimulate appetite?
heinz body anemia is possible if given for more than 5 days
what appetite stimulant is fairly new and only labeled for dogs?
capromorelin
what is the MOA of capromorelin?
ghrelin agonist, as ghrelin increases in [ ] the hypothalamus is stimulated to increase appetite
what two appetite stimulant’s common side effect is sedation?
benzodiazepines and cyproheptadine
T/F: cyproheptadine is more effective in dogs than cats and takes 2-3 days to see a response
FALSE, it’s more effective in cats
what is the MOA of cyproheptadine?
blocks serotonin (5-HT2) receptors, inhibits satiety center
what is the MOA of mirtazapine?
antidepressant that blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptors, increases NE centrally
T/F: mirtazapine is used more in dogs while cyproheptadine is more effective in cats
TRUE
besides being an antidepressant and appetite stimulant, mirtazapine also has what effect?
anti-emetic
T/F: cats have MORE a-2 and 5 HT receptors and FEWER D2 and H1 receptors than dogs
TRUE
quick! bear just ate a whole bag of m&ms and we’re 5 hours away from the nearest clinic. what can you give him to induce vomiting?
hydrogen peroxide 3%
what is the MOA of hydrogen peroxide 3% to induce vomiting?
direct irritation of oropharynx/GI lining
why can’t you use hydrogen peroxide 3% for a cat?
hemorrhagic gastritis
T/F: hydrogen peroxide 3% is a centrally acting emetic
FALSE, peripheral
oops! i gave WAY too much apomorphine to one of my dog patients and now he’s going into respiratory distress. what can i give him to reverse the effects?
naloxone! DOES NOT reveres emetic effect
apomorphine isn’t very effective in cats. what is a better choice if i need to make simba vomit?
xylazine or dexmedetomidine
why are xylazine or dexmedetomidine more effective as an emetic in a cat vs. a dog?
cats have MORE a-2 receptors and FEWER d2 receptors. it’s all about receptors!!
what is the MOA of xylazine and dexmedetomidine as emetics?
a-2 agonists
i just gave comet maropitant citrate SC and he tried biting me! what gives?
give comet a break, that shit stings!
