Gastrointestinal: Anatomy of the Lower GI Tract

Question 1

name the parts of the small intestine?

Answer 1

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 2

name the parts of the large intestine?

Answer 2

colon

• caecum
• appendix
• ascending, transverse and descending colon

rectum
anal canal
anus

Question 3

what are the layers of the walls of the intestine?

Answer 3

lumen
muscosa
inner circularly arranged smooth muscle = narrows the tube
outer longitudinally arranged smooth muscle = shortens the tube

Question 4

what does intra-peritoneal organ mean?

Answer 4

when an organ is almost completely covered with visceral peritoneal e.g liver

Question 5

what does retro-peritoneal organ mean?

Answer 5

when an organ is covered in visceral pleura only on its anterior surface

Question 6

what does it mean when an organ is with a mesentery?

Answer 6

when an organ is covered in visceral peritoneum and suspended from the posterior abdomen wall by mesentery

Question 7

what are the 3 branches from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 7

coeliac trunk (foregut)
superior mesenteric artery (midgut)
inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut)

Question 8

where does the systemic venous system eventually drain into?

Answer 8

right atrium of the heart

Question 9

what is the junction between anus and external environment to control the release of still from the anal canal?

Answer 9

external anal sphincter

Question 10

what can obstruction in the GI tract be caused by?

Answer 10

external compression = e.g. an expanding tumour in ad adjacent structure

internal compression = e.g. mucosal tumour expanding within the lumen

Question 11

what type of pain is described with GI obstruction?

Answer 11

colicky = comes and goes