Gastrointestinal: Anatomy of the Upper GI Tract (Part 2)

Question 1

where does the jaw opening mechanism occur?

Answer 1

TMJ

Question 2

what are the 3 pairs of closing muscles called?

Answer 2

1. Masseter
2. Temporalis
3. Medial Pterygoid

Question 3

what is the 1 pair of opening muscles called?

Answer 3

Lateral pterygoid

Question 4

what are the opening and closing muscles supplied by?

Answer 4

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Question 5

what is the general sensory nerve for the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 5

mandibular trigeminar nerve

Question 6

what is the sensory nerve for the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 6

facial nerve

Question 7

what is the general and sensory nerve for the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

Answer 7

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 8

what is the general sensory nerve for the superior half of the oral cavity?

Answer 8

CN V2 (trigeminal nerve)

Question 9

what is the general sensory nerve for the inferior half of the oral cavity?

Answer 9

CN V3 (trigeminal nerve)

Question 10

what sensory nerves are blocked by local anaesthetic that is sprayed in the oral cavity?

Answer 10

CN V2, CN V3, CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 11

what are the 3 pairs of salivary glands called?

Answer 11

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

Question 12

what are the 4 pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 12

palatoglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus

Question 13

what supplies the 4 pairs of intrinsic pairs of muscles?

Answer 13

hypoglossal

Question 14

where is the upper oesophageal sphincter found?

Answer 14

C6

Question 15

what supplies the pharyx?

Answer 15

vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 16

what type of muscle is involved in swallowing?

Answer 16

voluntary skeletal muscles

Question 17

what is the enteric nervous system?

Answer 17

extensive network of nerves, found only in the walls of GI tract

parasympathetic - speeds up peristalsis
sympathetic - slows sown peristalsis

Question 18

when does the oesophagus end?

Answer 18

terminates by entering the cardia of the stomach

Question 19

what causes cervical constriction of the oesophagus?

Answer 19

cricopharyngeus (upper oesophageal sphincter)

Question 20

what causes thoracic constriction of the oesophagus?

Answer 20

arch of the aorta

left main bronchus

Question 21

what causes diaphragmatic constriction of the oesophagus?

Answer 21

result of passing through the diaphragm

LOS

Question 22

what can cause the lack of effectiveness of LOS?

Answer 22

hiatus hernia - can lead to symptoms of reflux

Question 23

where can LOS be found?

Answer 23

immediately superior to the gastro-oesophageal junction

abrupt change in type of mucosa lining the wall

Z-line

Question 24

what angle is found on the lesser curvature?

Answer 24

incisura angularis