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GI Exam 1 > Gastrointestinal Infections Part I > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Infections Part I Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

Irritated GI system

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2
Q

What is a symptom of diarrhea?

A

Small intestines not absorbing secreted fluid and electrolytes

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3
Q

What is dysentery?

A

Invasion of large intestine resulting in bloody and purulent stool

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4
Q

What causes diarrhea?

A

Increased secretion

Decreased absorption

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5
Q

What is food-associated infection?

A

Multiplication of the organism in the body

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6
Q

What is food poisoning?

A

Microbial toxins in contaminated food

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7
Q

What do enterotoxins do?

A

Stimulate intestinal secretion (diarrhea)

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8
Q

How does cholera work?

A

B subunit binds GM1
Endocytosis
A subunit crosses ER membrane
A subunit transfers ACP ribosyl group from NAD to stimulatory G protein
G protein activates adenylate cyclase
Adenylate cyclase activates PKA using cAMP
CFTR is phosphorylated by PKA secreting Cl-

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9
Q

How are E. coli strains differentiated by their antigens?

A

Somatic (O)
Flagellar (H)
Capsule (K)

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10
Q

Most common E, coli strain in the United States?

A

Enterohemorrhagic

O157:H7

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11
Q

What does ETEC produce?

A

Enterotoxins (causing watery diarrhea)

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12
Q

What codes for enterotoxins in ETEC?

A

Plasmid

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13
Q

What does ETEC mimic?

A

Cholera toxin

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14
Q

What does ETEC cause?

A

Purely secretory diarrhea (no bloody stool or inflammation)

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15
Q

What does ETEC stand for?

A

Enterotoxigenc E coli

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16
Q

What does EPEC stand for?

A

Enteropathogenic E coli

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17
Q

What does EPEC cause?

A

Diarrhea in infants and young children sometimes bloody

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18
Q

EHEC stands for:

A

Enterohemorrhagic

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19
Q

What does EHEC encode for?

A

Shiga-like cytotoxin

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20
Q

How does EHEC shiga-like cytotoxin work?

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A

Cleaves adenine off rRNA halting protein synthesis

21
Q

What can EHEC cause?

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A 
Local necrosis and inflammation (hemorrhagic colitis)
Kidney damage (hemolytic-uremic syndrome)
22
Q

What medium can test for EHEC?

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A

Sorbitol MacConkey: non-fermentation of sorbitol makes the strain stand out

23
Q

EIEC invasive or non-invasive?

24
Q

What does EAEC do when attaching to cells?

25
What is unique about E. coli bacteria?
Cannot kill all E. coli with antibiotics
26
What part of the colon does shigella invade?
Descending and sigmoid colon
27
What does shigella cause?
Bloody stool | Intestinal necrosis
28
Campylobacter gram stain:
Gram-negative
29
What diarrhea does Campylobacter cause?
Watery stool
30
What is campylobacter associated with?
Guillain-Barrie syndrome due to cross-reactive antibodies (no antibiotics necessary)
31
Gram stain for Vibrio cholera:
Gram negative
32
What is the vibrio cholera flagellum arrangement?
Monotrichous
33
Cholera stool:
Watery cloudy stool with mucus blebs (rice soup)
34
Main treatment of cholera?
IV rehydration
35
Where does Yersinia enterocolitica infect?
Ileum causing necrosis and bloody stool
36
Where is Vibrio parahaemolyticus found in concentration?
Shellfish (filter feeders)
37
Best diagnosis for Helicobacter pylori?
Carbon isotope-labeled urea for breath test (C 13 or 14)
38
What does H. pylori do?
Creates ammonia
39
Reaction H. pylori does:
CH4NO2 -> CO2 + NH3
40
Why don't you use clindamycin against C. diff?
It is effective against all anaerobes except C. diff making it the predominate species
41
Antibiotics for C. diff?
Metronidazole | Vancomycin
42
How to tell if it's C. diff?
PCR for toxin B gene
43
How to treat C. diff?
Fecal microbiota transplantation
44
Where can you catch Clostridium perfringens?
Fecal bacteria that contaminate MEAT
45
Where do Bacillus cereus spores germinate?
Cooked rice
46
How do staphylococcal enterotoxins work?
Give you food poisoning through toxins that work on the CNS (cytokines)to induce vomiting
47
What does botulism do?
Blocks the release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction leading to flaccid paralysis
48
Treatment for botulism?
Animal-derived antitoxin

GI Exam 1 (25 decks)

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