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NCLEX-RN® > NCLEX-RN (4) Pharmacology > GastroIntestinal Meds > Flashcards

GastroIntestinal Meds Flashcards

Review all the important gastrointestinal meds: classifications, indications, side effects, adverse reactions, and nursing considerations.

1
Q

Indication:

Antiemetics

A

To treat nausea and vomiting especially post-operative or with chemotherapy.

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2
Q

Mechanism of action:

Antiemetics

A

Works on the CNS to suppress nausea and vomiting.

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3
Q

Generic names:

Antiemetics

A
  • ondansetron
  • metoclopramide
  • promethazine
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4
Q

Most common side effects:

Antiemetics

A
  • sedation
  • anticholinergic
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5
Q

Nursing considerations:

Antiemetics: sedation

A

Assess for falls and implement fall and safety precautions.

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6
Q

Side effects and Nursing considerations:

Antiemetics: anticholinergic side effects

A
  1. causes blurry vision - implement safety / fall precautions
  2. causes urinary retention - monitor intake and output
  3. causes dry mouth - give candy or ice chips
  4. causes constipation - encourage fluids/fiber/walking

“can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t shit”

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7
Q

Indication:

Antidiarrheal

A

To treat:

  • diarrhea
  • ulcerative colitis
  • irritable bowel syndrome
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8
Q

Generic names:

Antidiarrheal

A
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • loperamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
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9
Q

Most common side effects:

Antidiarrheal

A

Sedation or drowsiness: take safety and falls precautions.

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10
Q

When should a client with diarrhea not take an antidiarrheal medication?

A

Do not give a client with an active gastrointestinal infection.

The client will be unable to get rid of the infection if they can’t excrete it.

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11
Q

With what type of medication is there a cross-sensitivity with bismuth subsalicylate?

A

Cross-sensitivity with aspirin and NSAIDs.

Do not give if there is an allergy.

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12
Q

Indication:

Laxatives / Stool softeners

A

To prevent or treat constipation.

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13
Q

Generic names:

Laxatives / Stool softeners

A
  • polycarbophil, psyllium
  • lactulose
  • milk of magnesia
  • bisacodyl
  • senna glycoside
  • docusate sodium
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14
Q

Nursing considerations:

Laxatives / Stool softeners

A
  • drink with a full glass of water to help pass stool
  • teach that daily use is not necessary because daily movements are not needed
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15
Q

Indication:

Antilipidemic

A

To decrease cholesterol for those at risk for stroke and myocardial infarction.

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16
Q

Generic names:

Antilipidemic

A
  • atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin
  • ezetimibe
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17
Q

Most common adverse reactions and nursing considerations:

Antilipidemic: -statin

A

Rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown)

  • assess for severe muscle pain, spasms, and dark-colored urine
  • hold medication and notify HCP

Medication may cause muscle cells to break down.

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18
Q

What is the food-med interaction with Antilipidemic (-statin)?

A

Avoid grapefruit juice.

​Will increase drug level and cause toxicity.

19
Q

What labs should be checked for a client taking antilipidemics?

A

Before meds are started and every 6 - 12 months for a client on antilipidemics, check: liver function tests such as ALT and AST.

This is to assess if the medications are affecting the liver adversely and to evaluate if the medicine is working.

20
Q

Indication:

Proton pump inhibitor

A

Decreases acid secretion and treats:

  • GERD
  • heartburn
  • ulcers
21
Q

Generic names:

Proton pump inhibitor

A

dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole

22
Q

Nursing considerations:

Proton pump inhibitor

A

Give 30 - 60 minutes before meals.

To protect stomach before eating.

23
Q

Indication:

H-2 receptor blocker

A

To heal and prevent ulcers by limiting gastric acid secretion.

24
Q

Generic names:

H-2 receptor blocker

A
  • famotidine
  • ranitidine
  • cimetidine
25
Q

Generic names:

Antacids

A
  • aluminum hydroxide
  • calcium carbonate
  • magnesium oxide
26
Q

Indication:

Antacid

A
  • to treat acid indigestion and GERD
  • to treat ulcers
27
Q

Nursing considerations:

Antacid

A
  • don’t take with other meds: prevents absorption
  • wait at least 1 hour when taking other meds
  • take ~2 hours after meals with water
28
Q

Generic names:

Pancreatic enzymes

A
  • pancrelipase
  • pancreatin
29
Q

Indication:

Pancreatic enzymes

A

To treat:

  • cystic fibrosis
  • pancreatitis
30
Q

Nursing considerations:

Pancreatic enzymes

A

Take right before meals to help with food digestion.

31
Q

Indication:

sucralfate

A

To treat and prevent duodenal ulcers.

32
Q

Indication:

vitamin B12 / cyanobalamin

A

To treat pernicious anemia: common after gastric surgery.

33
Q

Indication:

ferrous sulfate / iron

A
  • to treat iron deficiency anemia
  • to prevent anemia during pregnancy
34
Q

What color can iron turn stool?

A

greenish-black

35
Q

Side effect and nursing consideration:

ferrous sulfate / iron

A

May cause constipation: taking with vitamin C helps absorption.

If iron is absorbed into the bloodstream, it won’t just stay in the gut leading to constipation.

36
Q

Indication:

folic acid / folate

A
  • to prevent folate deficieny anemia from diet or alcoholism
  • to prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy
37
Q

What color can folic acid / folate turn urine?

A

bright yellow

38
Q

Indication:

vitamin B3 / niacin

A

To lower cholesterol.

39
Q

Side effect:

niacin

A

facial flushing

40
Q

Adverse reaction and nursing consideration:

niacin

A

Hepatotoxic: check liver function tests before giving (ALT and AST).

41
Q

Mechanism of action:

Antidiarrheal

A

Slows the passage of stool.

42
Q

Mechanism of action:

Laxatives / Stool softeners

A

Pulls fluid into colon and/or adds bulk to soften the stool.

43
Q

Adverse reaction:

Laxatives / Stool softeners

A

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances: assess F&E status.

44
Q

Mechanism of action:

Antilipidemic

A

Prevents enzyme that makes cholesterol.

NCLEX-RN (4) Pharmacology (12 decks)

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