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NCLEX-RN® > NCLEX-RN (4) Pharmacology > Top Meds > Flashcards

Top Meds Flashcards

Review what the tops meds are for: classification and indication.

1
Q

Classification and Indication:

acetaminophen

A
  • Analgesic - to treat mild to moderate pain
  • Antipyretic - to decrease a fever
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2
Q

Classification and Indication:

acyclovir, tenofovir, valacyclovir

A

Antiviral - to treat viral infections.

ends in -vir

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3
Q

Classification and Indication:

adenosine

(Immediate complication)

A

Antiarrhythmic given IV push - to convert supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) to normal sinus rhythm.

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4
Q

Classification and Indication:

albuterol, levalbuterol

A

Short-acting bronchodilator (“rescue inhaler”) - to treat acute asthma attack or acute COPD exacerbation.

ends in -buterol

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5
Q

Classification and Indication:

alendronate, risedronate

A

Antiosteoporotic - to treat osteoporosis and prevent fractures by increasing bone mass.

ends in -dronate

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6
Q

Classification and Indication:

allopurinol

A

Antigout drug

  • to prevent gout by decreasing uric acid levels
  • to prevent high uric acid levels with chemotherapy
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7
Q

Classification and Indication:

alprazolam

A

Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic (“downer”) - to treat anxiety.

ends in -lam

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8
Q

Classification and Indication:

alteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase

(Immediate complication)

A

Thrombolytic (“clot buster”) - to break up blood clots.

ends in -plase or -ase

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9
Q

Classification and Indication:

aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide

A

Antacid

  • to treat acid indigestion
  • to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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10
Q

Classification and Indication:

amiodarone

A

Antidysrhythmic given IV push - to treat or prevent life-threatening ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.

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11
Q

Classification and Indication:

amitriptyline, nortriptyline

A

Tricyclic antidepressant (“downer”) - to treat depression.

ends in -tyline

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12
Q

Classification and Indication:

amlodipine, nifedipine

A

Calcium channel blocker (antihypertensive)

  • to decrease BP and HR
  • to treat angina

ends in -dipine

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13
Q

Classification and Indication:

amoxicillin, penicillin V

A

Penicillin antibiotic - to treat infections.

ends in -cillin

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14
Q

Classification and Indication:

apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban

A

Anticoagulant - to prevent blood clots.

ends in -aban or -an

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15
Q

Classification and Indication:

aripiprazole

A

2nd generation Antipsychotic (“downer”) - to treat bipolar and schizophrenia.

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16
Q

Classification and Indication:

aspart, human, lispro, glulisine

A

Rapid-acting insulin (antidiabetic) - to treat high blood sugar.

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17
Q

Classification and Indication:

aspirin

A
  • Antiplatelet: to prevent blood clots for MI
  • NSAID (analgesic): to treat pain from arthritis and inflammation

Also called acetylsalicylic acid.

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18
Q

Classification and Indication:

atenolol, carvedilol, metoprolol, nebivolol

A

Beta blocker (antihypertensive)

  • to decrease BP and HR
  • to prevent MI

ends in -lol

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19
Q

Classification and Indication:

atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin

A

Antilipidemic - to treat and prevent high cholesterol for clients at risk for CVA and MI.

ends in -statin

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20
Q

Classification and Indication:

atropine

(Immediate complication)

A

Antiarrhythmic given IV push

  • increases the HR
  • to treat heart blocks and symptomatic bradycardia
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21
Q

Classification and Indication:

bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B

A

A triple antibiotic ointment - to prevent skin infections for minor cuts and injuries.

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22
Q

Classification and Indication:

baclofen

A

Muscle relaxer - to treat muscle spasms.

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23
Q

Classification and Indication:

beclomethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisone

A

Corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory) - to decrease inflammation in a variety of conditions.

ends in -sone or -lone

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24
Q

Classification and Indication:

benazepril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor (antihypertensive)

  • to decrease BP and HR
  • to prevent MI

ends in -pril

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25
Q

Classification and Indication:

benzonatate

A

Antitussive - to suppress a cough.

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26
Q

Classification and Indication:

benztropine

A

Antiparkinsonian - to treat Parkinson’s disease.

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27
Q

Classification and Indication:

bisacodyl

A

Laxative - to treat and prevent constipation.

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28
Q

Classification and Indication:

bismuth subsalicylate

A

Antidiarrheal - to treat diarrhea.

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29
Q

Classification and Indication:

calcium chloride

A

Electrolyte (vitamin) supplement - to prevent osteoporosis.

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30
Q

Classification and Indication:

carbamazepine

A
  • Anticonvulsant - to prevent seizures
  • Mood stabilizer (“downer”) - to treat bipolar
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31
Q

Classification and Indication:

carisoprodol

A

Muscle relaxer - to treat muscle spasms.

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32
Q

Classification and Indication:

ceftriaxone, cephalexin

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic - to treat infections.

starts with cef- or ceph-

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33
Q

Classification and Indication:

celecoxib

A

NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

  • Analgesic - to treat mild to moderate pain
  • Antipyretic - to decrease a fever
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34
Q

Classification and Indication:

cetirizine, levocetirizine

A

Antiallergy - to treat allergy symptoms, hives and itching.

ends in -zine

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35
Q

Classification and Indication:

chlordiazepoxide

A

Benzodiazepine antianxiety (“downer”) - to treat anxiety.

has -diaze- in name

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36
Q

Classification and Indication:

cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol

A

Vitamin D supplement

  • to treat low vitamin D levels
  • to increase absorption of calcium

ends in -calciferol

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37
Q

Classification and Indication:

ciprofloxacin, vofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic - to treat infections.

ends in -floxacin

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38
Q

Classification and Indication:

citalopram, escitalopram

A

SSRI antidepressant (“downer”) - to treat depression.

ends in -pram

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39
Q

Classification and Indication:

clindamycin, azithromycin, vancomycin

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotic - to treat very severe infections.

ends in -mycin

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40
Q

Classification and Indication:

clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam

A

Benzodiazepine antianxiety (“downer”) - to treat anxiety

ends in -pam

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41
Q

Classification and Indication:

clonidine

A

Antihypertensive - to treat high BP.

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42
Q

Classification and Indication:

clopidrogrel, prasugrel

A

Antiplatelet - to prevent blood clots.

ends in -grel

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43
Q

Classification and Indication:

clotrimazole, fluconazole

A

Antifungal - to treat fungal infections: candidiasis, yeast infections.

ends in -azole

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44
Q

Classification and Indication:

codeine

A

Opioid analgesic - to treat mild to moderately severe pain.

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45
Q

Classification and Indication:

colchicine

A

Antigout drug - to treat and prevent gout by decreasing uric acid levels.

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46
Q

Classification and Indication:

cyanocobalamin

A

Vitamin B12 - to treat pernicious anemia.

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47
Q

Classification and Indication:

cyclobenzaprine

A

Muscle relaxer - to treat muscle spasms.

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48
Q

Classification and Indication:

desmopressin, vasopressin

(Immediate complication)

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - to treat shock and diabetes insipidus.

ends in -pressin

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49
Q

Classification and Indication:

desvenlafaxine, venlafaxine

A

SSNRI antidepressant (“downer”) - to treat depression.

ends in -faxine

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50
Q

Classification and Indication:

detemir, glargine

A

Long-acting insulin - to treat diabetes and prevent high blood sugar.

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51
Q

Classification and Indication:

dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor - decreases acid secretion to treat:

  • GERD
  • heartburn
  • ulcers

ends in -prazole

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52
Q

Classification and Indication:

dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine

A

CNS stimulate (“upper”) - to treat ADHD in adults and children (>6 years old).

Ends in -amphetamine.
Brand name is “Adderall XR: the study drug”.

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53
Q

Classification and Indication:

digoxin

A

Cardiac glycoside - to decrease heart rate with CHF or atrial fibrillation.

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54
Q

Classification and Indication:

diltiazem

A

Calcium channel blocker (antihypertensive)

  • to decrease BP and HR
  • to treat angina
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55
Q

Classification and Indication:

diphenhydramine

A

Antiallergy - to treat itching and allergic reactions.

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56
Q

Classification and Indication:

diphenoxylate/atropine

A

Antidiarrheal - ​a combination med to treat diarrhea.

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57
Q

Classification and Indication:

disulfiram

A

To prevent clients from drinking alcohol by causing severe nausea and vomiting when the client drinks alcohol.

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58
Q

Classification and Indication:

divalproex sodium, valproic acid

A

Anticonvulsant - to prevent seizures.

has -val- in name

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59
Q

Classification and Indication:

docusate

A

​Laxative and stool softener - to treat and prevent constipation.

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60
Q

Classification and Indication:

donepezil

A

Antialzheimer - to treat all stages of Alzheimer’s.

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61
Q

Classification and Indication:

dopamine

(Immediate complication)

A

Vasopressor - to treat shock.

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62
Q

Classification and Indication:

doxazosin, terazosin

A

Alpha blocker

  • to decrease blood pressure
  • to prevent benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

ends in -zosin

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63
Q

Classification and Indication:

doxycycline

A

Tetracycline antibiotic - to treat infections.

ends in -cycline

64
Q

Classification and Indication:

duloxetine

A

SSNRI Antidepressant (“downer”)

  • to treat depression and anxiety
  • to treat fibromyalgia, chronic muscle pain or nerve pain
65
Q

Classification and Indication:

dutasteride, finasteride

A

BPH drug - to prevent benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

ends in -teride

66
Q

Classification and Indication:

enoxaparin

A

Anticoagulant (low molecular weight heparin) - to prevent blood clots, especially post-op clients.

67
Q

Classification and Indication:

epinephrine

(Immediate complication)

A

Vasopressor

  • to treat anaphylaxis, shock, severe asthma attack
  • to treat life-threatening arrhythmias: asystole, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation
68
Q

Classification and Indication:

epoetin (erythropoietin)

A

Hematopoietic agent

  • to increase red blood cells
  • to treat anemia with chronic renal failure, HIV and chemotherapy
69
Q

Classification and Indication:

ethinyl estradiol

A

Female contraceptive

  • includes oral pill, vaginal ring, IM shot
  • to prevent pregnancy

Several have the words ethinyl estradiol in them.

70
Q

Classification and Indication:

famotidine, ranitidine

A

H-2 receptor blocker (antiulcer) - to heal and prevent ulcers by limiting gastric acid secretion.

ends in -tidine

71
Q

Classification and Indication:

fentanyl

A

Opioid analgesic - to treat moderate to severe pain.

72
Q

Classification and Indication:

ferrous sulfate (iron)

A

Vitamin supplement - to treat dietary anemia.

73
Q

Classification and Indication:

fluoxetine, paroxetine

A

SSRI antidepressant (“downer”) - to treat depression.

ends in -xetine

74
Q

Classification and Indication:

fluticasone

A

Steroid - maintenance inhaler for chronic asthma.

ends in -sone

75
Q

Classification and Indication:

folic acid

A

Vitamin supplement - given to pregnant mothers to prevent neural tube defects in fetus.

76
Q

Classification and Indication:

furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

A

Potassium-wasting loop diuretic - to treat edema and hypertension by excreting urine.

ends in -ide

77
Q

Classification and Indication:

gabapentin

A

Anticonvulsant

  • to prevent seizures
  • to treat diabetic nerve pain and neuralgia
78
Q

Classification and Indication:

GLImepiride, GLIpizide, GLYburide, canaGLIflozin, linaGLIptin, liraGLUtide, pioGLItazone, sitaGLIptin

A

Oral antidiabetic drug - to treat diabetes and prevent high blood sugar.

have gly-, glu- or -gli- in name

79
Q

Classification and Indication:

glucagon (D50)

A

50% dextrose (sugar) - to treat hypoglycemia in an unconscious client.

80
Q

Classification and Indication:

guaifenesin

A

Expectorant - to treat a productive cough by coughing up mucus.

81
Q

Classification and Indication:

haloperidol

A

1st generation Antipsychotic (“downer”) - to treat acute aggression.

82
Q

Classification and Indication:

heparin

A

Anticoagulant

  1. heparin IV
    • to treat an active blood clot
    • bridge therapy to PO anticoagulants
  2. heparin subcutaneous
    • to prevent blood clots
83
Q

Classification and Indication:

hydralazine

A

Antihypertensive - to treat high BP.

84
Q

Classification and Indication:

hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone

A

Potassium-wasting thiazide diuretic - to treat edema and hypertension by excreting urine.

has -thia- or -thal- in name

85
Q

Classification and Indication:

hydroxyzine

A

Antihistamine - given for a variety of reasons:

  • to treat anxiety
  • for preop sedation
  • to treat itching
  • to treat nausea and vomiting
86
Q

Classification and Indication:

ibuprofen

A

NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

  • Analgesic - to treat mild to moderate pain
  • Antipyretic - to decrease a fever
87
Q

Classification and Indication:

indomethacin

A

NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

  • Analgesic - to treat mild to moderate pain
  • Antipyretic - to decrease a fever
88
Q

Classification and Indication:

ipratropium, tiotropium

A

Long-acting bronchodilator - to treat chronic asthma or COPD.

ends in -tropium

89
Q

Classification and Indication:

irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, valsartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (antihypertensive)

  • to decrease BP and HR
  • to reduce risk of stroke and MI

ends in -sartan

90
Q

Classification and Indication:

isoniazid

A

Antituberculosis - to treat tuberculosis.

91
Q

Classification and Indication:

isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate

A

​Antianginal (nitrate, vasodilator) - to treat and prevent chest pain and heart failure by reducing oxygen demand.

92
Q

Classification and Indication:

ketorolac

A

NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

  • Analgesic - to treat mild to moderate pain.
  • Antipyretic - to decrease a fever.
93
Q

Classification and Indication:

lactobacillus acidophilus

A

Probiotic - to encourage good gastrointestinal bacteria growth for clients on antibiotics.

It’s basically eating yogurt, but in pill form.

94
Q

Classification and Indication:

lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative

  • to treat and prevent constipation
  • to decrease ammonia levels with liver failure
95
Q

Classification and Indication:

latanoprost

A

Antiglaucoma drugs - eye drops to treat glaucoma.

ends in -prost

96
Q

Classification and Indication:

levetiracetam

A

Anticonvulsant - to prevent seizures.

97
Q

Classification and Indication:

levodopa/carbidopa

A

Antiparkinsonian drug - a combination med to treat Parkinson’s disease.

98
Q

Classification and Indication:

levothyroxine

A

Thyroid hormone replacement - to treat hypothyroidism or replacement after thyroidectomy.

99
Q

Classification and Indication:

lidocaine

(Immediate complication)

A
  • Topical/local analgesic - to numb an area of the skin for procedures.
  • Antiarrhythmic - given IV to treat heart arrhythmias.
100
Q

Classification and Indication:

lithium

A

Antimanic

  • to treat acute mania in bipolar disorder
  • for long-term control of bipolar disorder
101
Q

Classification and Indication:

loperamide

A

Antidiarrheal - to treat diarrhea.

102
Q

Classification and Indication:

loratadine

A

Antiallergy drug - to treat hives and allergies.

103
Q

Classification and Indication:

lung surfactant

A

To prevent respiratory distress in premature newborns.

104
Q

Classification and Indication:

lurasidone, risperidone

A

​2nd generation Antipsychotic (“downer”) - to treat bipolar and schizophrenia.

ends in -idone

105
Q

Classification and Indication:

magnesium hydroxide

(milk of magnesia)

A

Laxative - to treat and prevent constipation.

106
Q

Classification and Indication:

magnesium sulfate

A

Electrolyte replacement

  • to treat low magnesium level
  • to prevent contractions and seizures during pregnancy
107
Q

Classification and Indication:

mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic - to decrease intracranial pressure.

108
Q

Classification and Indication:

memantine

A

Antialzheimer drug - to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s.

109
Q

Classification and Indication:

metformin

A

Oral antidiabetic drug - to treat diabetes mellitus and prevent high blood sugar.

110
Q

Classification and Indication:

methadone

A

Opioid analgesic

  • to treat moderate to severe pain
  • to treat narcotic drug addiction
111
Q

Classification and Indication:

methotrexate

A

Antineoplastic

  • given for a variety of reasons
  • to treat cancer, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis
112
Q

Classification and Indication:

methylphenidate

A

CNS stimulate (“upper”) - to treat ADHD in children and adults.

113
Q

Classification and Indication:

metoclopramide

A

Antiemetic - to treat nausea and vomiting.

114
Q

Classification and Indication:

metronidazole

A

Antiprotozoal - to treat infections especially for vaginal infections.

115
Q

Classification and Indication:

mirtazapine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant (“downer”) - to treat depression.

116
Q

Classification and Indication:

morphine

A

Opioid analgesic

  • to treat moderate to severe pain
  • to treat pain with acute myocardial infarction
117
Q

Classification and Indication:

naloxone

(Immediate complication)

A

Opioid antagonist

  • antidote to opioids
  • to treat opioid overdose
118
Q

Classification and Indication:

naproxen

A

NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

  • Analgesic - to treat mild to moderate pain
  • Antipyretic - to decrease a fever
119
Q

Classification and Indication:

neostigmine, pyridostigmine

A

Muscle stimulant (cholinesterase inhibitor) - to treat myasthenia gravis.

ends in -mine

120
Q

Classification and Indication:

nicotine

A

Smoking cessation aid - to stop smoking by relieving withdrawal symptoms.

121
Q

Classification and Indication:

nitrofurantoin

A

Antibiotic - to treat urinary tract infections.

122
Q

Classification and Indication:

nitroglycerin

A

Antianginal (nitrate, vasodilator) - to treat chest pain and decrease BP.

most have nitro- or -nitrate in name

123
Q

Classification and Indication:

NPH, isophane

A

Intermediate-acting insulin - to treat diabetes and prevent high blood sugar.

124
Q

Classification and Indication:

olanzapine, quetiapine

A

​2nd generation Antipsychotic (“downer”) - to treat bipolar, schizophrenia, depression.

ends in -pine

125
Q

Classification and Indication:

ondansetron

A

Antiemetic - to treat nausea and vomiting.

126
Q

Classification and Indication:

oxycodone

A

Opioid analgesic - to treat moderate to severe pain.

127
Q

Classification and Indication:

oxymorphone

A

Opioid analgesic - to treat moderate to severe pain.

128
Q

Classification and Indication:

oxytocin

A

Oxytocin hormone

  • to stimulate contractions for labor
  • to prevent postpartum hemorrhage
129
Q

Classification and Indication:

pancrelipase, pancreatin

A

Digestive enzyme replacement - to treat cystic fibrosis.

starts with pancre-

130
Q

Classification and Indication:

phenobarbital, phenytoin

A

Anticonvulsant - to prevent seizures.

has phen- in the beginning of the name

131
Q

Classification and Indication:

phytonadione (vitamin K)

A

Vitamin K

  • to prevent bleeding in newborns
  • antidote to warfarin
132
Q

Classification and Indication:

polycarbophil, psyllium

A

​Bulk-forming laxative - to treat and prevent constipation.

133
Q

Classification and Indication:

potassium

A

Electrolyte replacement - to replace potassium (especially when taking diuretics).

134
Q

Classification and Indication:

pregabalin

A

Anticonvulsant - to treat nerve pain and fibromyalgia.

135
Q

Classification and Indication:

promethazine

A

Antiemetic

  • to treat nausea and vomiting and motion sickness
  • for pre-op sedation

ends in -zine

136
Q

Classification and Indication:

propranolol

A

Beta blocker (antihypertensive)

  • to decrease BP and HR
  • to prevent MI and treat chest pain
  • to treat SVT, ventricular, and atrial arrhythmias

ends in -lol

137
Q

Classification and Indication:

regular insulin

A

Short-acting insulin (antidiabetic)

  1. IV regular insulin - to treat very high blood sugar / diabetic ketoacidosis
  2. subcutaneous regular insulin - to treat diabetes and high blood sugar
138
Q

Classification and Indication:

Rho D immune globulin

(RhoGAM)

A

Immune globulin

  • given to Rh-negative clients to prevent blood incompatibility between client and baby’s blood
  • given after miscarriage or abortion to prevent Rh antibody formation
139
Q

Classification and Indication:

rifampin

A

Antituberculosis - to treat tuberculosis.

140
Q

Classification and Indication:

ropinirole

A

Antiparkinsonian - to treat Parkinson’s disease.

141
Q

Classification and Indication:

senna glycoside

A

Laxative - to treat and prevent constipation.

142
Q

Classification and Indication:

sertraline

A

SSRI antidepressant (“downer”) - to treat depression and anxiety.

143
Q

Classification and Indication:

sildenafil, tadalafil

A

Erectile dysfunction drug (vasodilator) - to treat erectile dysfunction.

ends in -fil

144
Q

Classification and Indication:

silver sulfadiazine

A

Antiseptic cream - to prevent wound infections.

145
Q

Classification and Indication:

sodium bicarbonate

A

Antacid - to quickly treat metabolic acidosis while trying to figure out main cause.

146
Q

Classification and Indication:

spironolactone

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic - to treat edema and hypertension by excreting urine.

147
Q

Classification and Indication:

temazepam

A

Hypnotic Benzodiazepine (“downer”) - to treat short term insomnia.

ends in -pam

148
Q

Classification and Indication:

theophylline

A

2nd choice bronchodilator - to treat asthma and COPD.

149
Q

Classification and Indication:

timolol

A

Beta blocker - eye drops to treat glaucoma.

150
Q

Classification and Indication:

tramadol

A

Opioid analgesic - to treat moderate to severe pain.

151
Q

Classification and Indication:

trazodone

A

Antidepressant (“downer”)

  • to treat depression
  • to treat insomnia
152
Q

Classification and Indication:

verapamil

A

Calcium channel blocker (antihypertensive)

  • to decrease BP and HR
  • to treat angina
153
Q

Classification and Indication:

vilazodone

A

SSRI antidepressant (“downer”) - to treat depression.

154
Q

Classification and Indication:

warfarin

A

Anticoagulant - to prevent blood clots.

155
Q

Classification and Indication:

zolpidem

A

Hypnotic (“downer”) - to treat short term insomnia.

NCLEX-RN (4) Pharmacology (12 decks)

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