Gastrointestinal System and Nutrition

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

chemical and mechanical breakdown of food into absorbable units

Question 2

absorption

Answer 2

movement of material from GI lumen to ECF

Question 3

motility

Answer 3

movement of material through the GIT as a result of muscle contraction

Question 4

secretion

Answer 4

movement of material from cells into lumen or ECF

Question 5

cephalic phase

Answer 5

initiated by smell, sight, thought, or taste of food

Question 6

gastric phase

Answer 6

food enters stomach; activation of gastric activity

Question 7

intestinal phase

Answer 7

chyme enters the small intestine

Question 8

membrane digestion

Answer 8

due to action of enzymes fixed to brush-boarder membrane of enterocytes

Question 9

intracellular digestion

Answer 9

mediated by cytoplasmic enzymes within enterocytes

Question 10

luminal digestion

Answer 10

mediated by enzymes from salivary glands, the stomach, and the pancreas

Question 11

carbohydrate digestion

Answer 11

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 12

protein digestion

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

fat digestion

Answer 13

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 14

malnutrition

Answer 14

condition that results from nutrient deficiency or overconsumption

Question 15

wasting

Answer 15

low weight-for-height

Question 16

shunting

Answer 16

low height-for-age

Question 17

underweight

Answer 17

low weight-for-age

Question 18

osteoblasts

Answer 18

deposit calcium as they create new bone matrix

Question 19

osteoclasts

Answer 19

breakdown bone matrix during bone resorption

Question 20

acute edematous (interstitial) pancreatitis

Answer 20

fluid accumulation and swelling

edema and fat necrosis