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Applied and Pathophysiology > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

osmolarity

A

number of osmoles of solute per liter of solvent

temperature dependent

mosmol/L or mOsm/L

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2
Q

osmolality

A

number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent

temperature independent

mosmol/kg or mOsm/kg

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3
Q

neural control

A

fast response

activated due to small changes in BP resulting from a change in blood volume

heart and lungs

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4
Q

endocrine control

A

slower response

activated if changes in BP persist

kidneys

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5
Q

hypertonic/concentrated urine

A

small volume and high osmolality

depends on concurrent multiplier system and ADH

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6
Q

hypotonic/diluted urine

A

large volume and low osmolality

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7
Q

thin descending loop of Henle

A

permeable to H2O

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8
Q

thick ascending loop of Henle

A

impermeable to H2O

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9
Q

countercurrent system

A

system of U-shaped tubules in which the flow of fluid is in the opposite direction in different limbs of the tubes allowing for passive transfers of molecules

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10
Q

countercurrent multiplier

A

loop of Henle

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11
Q

countercurrent exchanger

A

vasa recta

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12
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

controls H2O permeability of collecting ducts

determines final concentration of urine

helps body retain H2O

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13
Q

RAAS

A

increases sodium and water reabsorption

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14
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

increases sodium and water excretion

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15
Q

osmoreceptors

A

regulates ADH in response to high plasma osmolarity in a water deficit

hypothalamus

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16
Q

baroreceptors

A

regulates ADH in response to low blood volume and pressure in a water deficit

must be suppressed

cardiovascular

16
Q

baroreceptors

A

regulates ADH in response to low blood volume and pressure in a water deficit

must be suppressed

cardiovascular

override osmoreceptors by acting as vasoconstrictors to regulate BP

17
Q

thirst center

A

activated by hypothalamic osmoreceptors which are stimulated by ECF volume decrease and ECF osmolarity increase

18
Q

renal clearance

A

Cn = Un/Pn x V

19
Q

GFR

A

GFR = U x V / P

20
Q

eGFR

A

(140-age) x w/Pcr x 72 (x0.85 for women)

21
Q

prerenal AKI

A

caused by transient renal hypoperfusion

hypotension
decreased CO
decreased GFR

22
Q

postrenal AKI

A

caused by obstruction of the urinary tract

enlarged prostate
kidney stones
bladder tumor

Applied and Pathophysiology (8 decks)

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