GEN BIO - Cell Cycle

Question 1

series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides

Answer 1

CELL CYCLE

Question 2

two major phases of cell cycle

Answer 2

Interphase and Mitotic phase (M-phase)

Question 3

Highly regulated process

Answer 3

CELL CYCLE

Question 4

cells undergoes normal growth processes and there is a replication of DNA and other organelles

Answer 4

INTERPHASE

Question 5

When the cell spends most of its
time, it is called _____.

Answer 5

Longest Phase

Question 6

In resting phase, the cell is at rest but ____________.

Answer 6

Metabolically active

Question 7

The largest phase in which 95% of growth occurs.

Answer 7

INTERPHASE

Question 8

The cell is growing, copying it’s DNA and preparing for division

Answer 8

INTERPHASE

Question 9

The copying of DNA is called

Answer 9

synthesis or replication

Question 10

Three stages of interphase:

Answer 10

⚬ G1 (Gap1 Phase/ Growth 1 phase)
⚬ S (Synthesis Phase)
⚬ G2 (Gap2 Phase/ Growth 2 phase)

Question 11

the cell increases in size, make new set of organelles, protein
synthesis

Answer 11

G1 Phase

Question 12

3 Major Checkpoints

Answer 12

1. G1 checkpoint
2. G2 checkpoint
3. M-checkpoint
   (metaphase checkpoint
   or spindle checkpoint )

Question 13

known as the restriction
point

Answer 13

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Question 14

Verify whether all the cellular activities are accurately completed at each stage of interphase

Answer 14

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Question 15

The main decision point for a cell – that is, the primary point at which it must choose whether or not to divide.

Answer 15

G1 Checkpoint

Question 16

G1 Checkpoint is located at _____________.

Answer 16

the end of the cell cycle’s G1 phase,

Question 17

G1 Checkpoint is called a restriction point for ____________.

Answer 17

ANIMAL CELL

Question 18

G1 Checkpoint is called a start point for ____________.

Answer 18

YEAST CELLS

Question 19

Check growth condition depends on:

Answer 19

1. CELL SIZE
2. NUTRIENTS
3. DNA INTEGRITY
4. MOLECULAR SIGNALS

Question 20

Longest and the most essential stage of interphase

Answer 20

SYNTHESIS PHASE

Question 21

The cell replicates its DNA

Answer 21

SYNTHESIS PHASE

Question 22

The DNA double helix is unzipped completely by an enzyme called

Answer 22

HELICASE

Question 23

One DNA nucleotide at a time is added to BOTH sides of the DNA strand With the help of another enzyme called DNA

Answer 23

POLYMERASE

Question 24

The cell continues to grow and synthesize proteins while preparing for cell division.

Answer 24

G2 Phase

Question 25

Reorganize cell organelles and DNA condensation

Answer 25

G2 Phase

Question 26

Determine state of pre-mitotic cell

Answer 26

G2 Checkpoint

Question 27

Ensure that all the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged

Answer 27

G2 Checkpoint

Question 28

identify a replication faults

Answer 28

G2 Checkpoint

Question 29

The cell prepares for division and checks for errors

Answer 29

G2 Checkpoint

Question 30

DNA integrity and replication

Answer 30

G2 Checkpoint

Question 31

If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA and damage cannot be repaired, what will occurs to ensure that the damage DNA is not passed on the daughter cells?

Answer 31

Apoptosis or programmed cell death will occurs.

Question 32

In mitotic phase the cell undergoes different stages, what stages are these?

Answer 32

prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

Question 33

It follows the mitosis phase, where cytoplasm divides.

Answer 33

Cytokenesis

Question 34

Occurs near the end of the metaphase stage of karyokinesis.

Answer 34

M Checkpoint

Question 35

Ensure proper spindle assembly and correct attachment to centromeres.

Answer 35

M Checkpoint

Question 36

It is a fundamental process to create life, occurring in all forms of it, ensuring the perpetuity of their existence, as well as growth, tissue replacement/repair, and reproduction in multicellular organisms.

Answer 36

Cell Division

Question 37

Happens when a parent cell divides into two or more cells called daughter cells.

Answer 37

Cell Division

Question 38

In cell division, parent cells are ___________.

Answer 38

Diploid

Question 39

Long and thread-like DNA in a non-dividing cell is called

Answer 39

Chromatin

Question 40

Doubled, coiled, short DNA in a dividing cell is called

Answer 40

Chromosome

Question 41

All somatic (body) cells in an organism have

Answer 41

the same kind and number of chromosomes

Question 42

Many organisms, especially unicellular organisms, reproduce by means of cell division

Answer 42

asexual reproduction

Question 43

It occurs in all the somatic (body) cells

Answer 43

Mitosis

Question 44

Where Mitosis occurs?

Answer 44

Somatic (Body) Cells

Question 45

It is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells

Answer 45

MITOSIS

Question 46

FUNCTION OF MITOSIS

Answer 46

Growth and Repair, Cell reproduction

Question 47

Phases of Cell Cycle

Answer 47

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Question 48

What will happen when mutation occurs,

Answer 48

the cell loses a control to divide which development of diseases cancer cells and eventually become leads disorder

Question 49

a result from a pathophysiological response to external or internal factors.

Answer 49

Disease

Question 50

gain or loss of whole chromosomes.

Answer 50

Aneuploidy

Question 51

a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated.

Answer 51

Cancer

Question 52

a cancer that starts in the skin tissues or the that line other organs

Answer 52

CARCINOMA

Question 53

is a cancer of connective tissues

Answer 53

SARCOMA

Question 54

a cancer of bone marrow, which creates blood cells

Answer 54

Leukemia

Question 55

Also known as trisomy 21

Answer 55

DOWN SYNDROME

Question 56

trisomy 13

Answer 56

PATAU SYNDROME

Question 57

Also known as trisomy 18

Answer 57

EDWARD SYNDROME

Question 58

a boy with an extra copy of the X chromosome

Answer 58

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME, XXY

Question 59

when one of the x chromosomes is missing

Answer 59

TURNER SYNDROME, XO

Question 60

Due to deletion chromosome 11

Answer 60

PARIS-TROUSSEAU SYNDROME

Question 61

is a cell division process where a single (parent) cell divides twice to produce four independent (daughter) cells

Answer 61

MEOSIS

Question 62

When Meiosis takes place?

Answer 62

REPRODUCTIVE CELL

Question 63

Homologous chromosomes exchange parts of DNA with each other; this process is known as

Answer 63

CROSSING OVER

Question 64

The points of physical contact from which the genetic materials are exchanged are known as

Answer 64

CHIASMATA

Question 65

Crossing over leads to genetic recombination, which increases

Answer 65

GENETIC DIVERSITY

Question 66

The nuclear membrane initiates to break down, and the spindle fibers appear again

Answer 66

PROPHASE II

Question 67

daughter chromosomes are pulled towards the opposite poles the help of the spindle fibers

Answer 67

ANAPHASE II

Question 68

WHAT IS THE END RESULT OF MEIOSIS?

Answer 68

four non-identical, haploid daughter cells are formed, each having half chromosome number

Question 69

Karyokinesis is also called

Answer 69

Mitosis