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Part 2/3 boards > General Diagnosis 3 > Flashcards

General Diagnosis 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

deformities of thorax

A 
barrel chest- COPD, cystic fibrosis
pectus excavatum (funnel chest)
pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)
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2
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid, shallow breathing

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3
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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4
Q

biot’s breathing

A

characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspriations followed by irregular periods of apnea

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5
Q

cheyne stokes respiration

A

breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperpnea
respiratory acidosis

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6
Q

kussmauls’s

A

breathing is first rapid and shallow but as metabolic acidosis worsens
breathing gradually becomes deep, slow, labored and gasping

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7
Q

pitted nails

A

unguinal indentations (psoriasis)

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8
Q

spinter hemorrhage

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

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9
Q

beau’s lines

A

transverse ridging associated with acute severe disease

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10
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation of mail fold near cuticle

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11
Q

clubbing

A

nail base has an angle >180

hypoxia(early), COPD (late)

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12
Q

koionychia

A

spoon nail

iron deficiency anemia

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13
Q

respiratory exursion

A

place hands over posteiror ribs and ahve patient stake keep greaths

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14
Q

tactile fremitus

A

palpable vibration, say 99
increase with fluid (pneumonia)
decreased with air ( emphysema, penumothorax)
decreased with atelectasis and pleuisy because sound barrier is created

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15
Q

resonant

A

normal over lungs

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16
Q

hyperresonant

A

increased air in chest (emphysema, pneumothorax)

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17
Q

dull

A

increased density (pneumonia, atelectasis)

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18
Q

diaphragmatic excursion

A

go from resonant to dull
have patient breathe in and hold
measure distance between bottom lung fields

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19
Q

breath sounds

A

tracheal- inspiration=expiration, over trachea
bronchial- expiration longer than inspiration, over manubrium
bronchovesicular- inspiration =expiration, between 1st and 2nd ribs anteriorly, between scapulae posteriorly
vesicular- inspiration longer than expiration, remaining lung field

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20
Q

rales

A

small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in lung

moist, dry, fine, coarse (bronchitis)

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21
Q

rhonchi

A

resembles snoring

when air is blocked or becomes rough through large ariways (bronchiectasis)

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22
Q

wheezes

A

high pitched sounds
asthma in young people
emphysema in old people

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23
Q

stridor

A

wheeze like sound heard upon inspiration
usually blockage of airflow
croup

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24
Q

bronchophony

A

if clear, distinct sounds are heard as the patietns says 99, consolidation is present

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25
egophony
if you hear aaa as patient says eee, consolidation is present
26
whispered pectoriloquy
if words 1,2,3 are heard clearly and distinctly, consolidation is present
27
conditions that have resonant sounds
asthma bronchiectasis bronchitis
28
conditions that have dull sounds
atelectasis pleurisy pneumonia
29
conditions that have hyperresonant sounds
emphysema | pneumothorax
30
fremitus decreased in what conditions?
``` asthma atelectasis emphysema pleurisy pneumothorax ```
31
fremitus normal in what conditions?
bronchiectasis | bronchitis
32
fremitus increase in what condition?
pneumonia
33
breath sound is wheezing in what conditions
asthma | emphysema
34
breath sound is absent/decreased in what conditions?
atelectasis | decrased
35
lobar pneumonia
consolidation of lung rusty brown sputum for around 10 days and a fever percussion is dull, rales, increased tactile fremitius silhouette sign, air bronchogram
36
friedlander's pneumonia
currant red jeely sputum and caused by klebsiella pneumonia | seen with old age of immune compromised hosts, alcoholics
37
pneumocystic carinii
caused by yeast/fungus | MC seen in AIDS, pregnancy
38
cytomegalovirus
caused by CMV, MC AIDS
39
tuberculossi
mycobacterium tuberculosis presents with low-grade fever, night sweats, productive cough (yellow/green sputum) small white lesions (ghon lesions) positive tine test/mantoux test, purified protein derivative most definitive test for diagnosis is a sputum culture
40
pleurisy
``` inflammation of pleura, producing exudative pleural effusion stabbing chest pain worse with breathing dry, non productive cough decreased respiratory excursion decreased tactile fremitus dull percussion friction rub is present positive shepelmann's test ```
41
pneumothorax
ruptured lung cauing air to become trapped in a pleural space decreased chest expansion decreased tactile fremitus hyperresonant on percussion decreased breath sounds tracheal deviation away from bad lung can occur in young, preiously healthy individuals
42
atelectasis
``` collapse of lung that is usually result of bronchial bostruction due to a mucous plug presents ith decreased tactile fremitus dull on percussion decreased chest expansion decreased/absent breath sounds ```
43
bronchiectasis
irreversible focal bronchial dilation that presents with a chronic, productive cough
44
COPD
long term cough with mucus SOB, wheezing cigarrette smoking main cause
45
asthma
bronchospasm Type I hypersensitivity reaction triggered by airborned allergens tachycardia, tachypnea, decreased tactile fremitus, wheezing eosinophils and IgE rise labs: curshmann's spirals, charcot laden cyrstals (in sputum
46
emphysema
``` destruction of elastic pulmonary CT results in permanent dilation of alveoli air sacs deficiency of alpha I antitrypsin decreased tactile fremitus hyperresonant on percussion decreased breath sounds wheezing ```
47
bronchogenic carcinoma
primary malignant lung tumor that starts in area of bronchus long term history of smoking patient presents with non productive cough, more than 30 days, afebrile, dyspnea, weight loss
48
costochondritis
inflammation of cartilage connection between ribs and sternum physical activity causes it, worse with eercise pain increased wile taking deep breath palpable tenderness at 3rd, 4th, 5th costosternal articulation can be chronic
49
herpes zoster
shingles painful rash along a dermatome involves DRG, can involved CN (V MC)
50
sarcoidosis
disease inwhich abnormal collections fo inflamatory cells (granulomas) form as nodules most often appear in the lungs or lymph nodes MC seen in african descent in US
51
hodgkin's
pain after alcohol cancer of lymphatic system, can spread to spleen caucasian males fever, night sweats, weight loss, intense puritis, enlarged spleen biopsy
52
cystic fibrosis
``` COPD chronic, progressive, frequently fatal genetic disease of body's mucus glands produce/secrete sweat, mucus lots of salt in sweat pancreatic insufficiency meconium ileus ```
53
jugular venous pulsations
measures pressure of right side of heart | can be made more proncounced when CHF is present by applying pressure to liver (hepatojugular reflex
54
pulsus magnus
bounding increased CO exercise, anxiety, fever, hyperthyroidism
55
pulsus parvus
weak/thready, decreased stroke volume, hypovolemia, aortic stenosis CHF
56
pulsus alternans
alternates in amplitude, left ventricular filure
57
pulsus bisferiens
2 strong systolic peaks separated by mid systolic dip (best felt at carotid artery) aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis
58
pulsus paradoxus
``` decreased amplitude on inspiration, increased with expiration COPD bronchial asthma emphysema pericardial effusion ```
59
water hammer pulse
jerky pulse that is rrapidly increasing and then collapsing because of aortic insufficiency
60
thrills
vibration produced by turbulent blood flow within the heart (murmurs)

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