General Diagnosis 6

Question 1

urethritis

Answer 1

diagnosis is classified as gonococcal (caused by gonorrhea) or non-gonococcal (caused by chlymidia)
MC caused by ecoli in females
nitrities in urine

Question 2

cystitis

Answer 2

noninfectious bladder inflammation that acuses burning, painful and frequent urination with incontinence
suprapubic and low back pain

Question 3

nephroblastoma

Answer 3

AKA wilm’s tumor

maligannt tumor of kidney, less than 5 years of age, abdominal mass, hematuria

Question 4

urge urinary incontinence

Answer 4

often called “overactive bladder”

urgent need to get to bathroom

Question 5

stress urinary incontinence

Answer 5

increase in abdominal pressure (exercise, cough, sneeze, laugh)
due to weakened pelvic floor muscles

Question 6

overflow urinary incontinence

Answer 6

inability to completely empty bladder when urinating

patient has constant or frequent dripple o urine (leads to UTI)

Question 7

functional urinary incontinence

Answer 7

most common among older adults with arthritis, parkinson’s, alzheimer’s (disorders that involve moving, thinking, communicating

Question 8

indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 8

MC type
passes down inguinal canal and exits at external inguinal ring into scrotum
most common in children and young adults

Question 9

direct inguinal hernia

Answer 9

doesn’t pass through inguinal canal but exits directly through external inguinal ring instead
usually acquired from obesity or heavy liting
felt when patient coughs or bears down
MC over 40

Question 10

femoral hernia

Answer 10

MC males

appears as a bulge lateral and inerior to external inguinal ring at the site of femoral pulse

Question 11

endometriosis

Answer 11

abnormal endometrial tissue found outside its normal location (myometrium, fallopian tubes, peritoneum)
MC found in ovaries
laparscopy

Question 12

s/s of endometriosis

Answer 12

abdominal pain
back pain
menorrhea
painful intercourse
possible infertility
treat and detect with laparoscopy

Question 13

uterine fibroids

Answer 13

benign uterine tumors of smooth muscle origin (leiomyoma)
presents with heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain and painful intercourse
uterus will ahve painless nodules that are irregular and firm

Question 14

pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 14

infection of upper femal genital tract
most common complication of STD (usually chlamydia or gonorrhea
includes salpingitis (inflammation of fallopian tubes)

Question 15

ectopic pregnency

Answer 15

pregnancy in which implantation occurs outside the endometrium/endometrial cavity
spotting, decreased blood pressure
decrease HCG

Question 16

norml pregnancy

Answer 16

increase HCG
nausea
weight gain
beast tenderness

Question 17

hydatitiform mole

Answer 17

non viable embryo which develops in placenta and presents with all the signs of pregnancy
very high HCG

Question 18

choriocarcinoma

Answer 18

malignancy of placenta due to abnormal epithelium

Question 19

fibrocystic breast disease

Answer 19

multiple, round, freely movable maasses can be palpated
bilateral breast tenderness that is made worse with caffeine intake, ovulation or menses
common in overweight diabetics

Question 20

fibroadenoma

Answer 20

most common benign breast tumor, usually less than 30 yo, non tender, singular lump 75% unilateral

Question 21

breast cancer

Answer 21

2nd MC cause of cancer death in women
MC >50 yo
MC location- upper/outer quadrant
nipple retraction, bleeding, orange peel appearance, dimpling
metastasis to axilla via lymphatic system (sentinel node)

Question 22

varicocele

Answer 22

tortuous dilation of spermatic veins
“bag of worms” feeling upon palpation that diminishes rom standing to supine
doesn’t transilluminate

Question 23

spermatocele

Answer 23

fluid filled mass in epididymis
painless, moveable, pea sized lump located superior and posteiror to testicle
transilluminates light beacuse it’s fluid filled

Question 24

hydrocele

Answer 24

MC newborns
excess accumulations of water in testicle
feels swollen, painless, heavy and tight
ability to palpate above mass distinguishes it from scrotal area
transilluminates

Question 25

epididymitis

Answer 25

usually a consequence of STD | scrotum is enlarged and tender but tenderness may be relieved somewhat by raising testicle

Question 26

testicular cancer

Answer 26

``` MC form of cancer in males 20-34 painless nodule appears on or in testicle MC type is seminoma doesn't transilluminate 10% present with gynocomastia ```

Question 27

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 27

enlarged, non tender, firm, smooth, loss of median sulcus

Question 28

prostatitis

Answer 28

boggy, soft, enlarged, tender | urinary problems such as increased urgency

Question 29

prostatic carinoma

Answer 29

posterior lobe is hard, nodular, painless, enlarged | MC place to metastasize is the the lumbar spine via Batson's plexus

Question 30

``` artery skin temp skin color pulse numbness swelling raynaud's trophic changes valve incompetence ```

Answer 30

``` cool pale or blue weak/absent present not usually present thin skin not applicable ```

Question 31

``` vein skin temp skin color pulse numbness swelling raynaud's trophic changes valve incompetence ```

Answer 31

``` warm normal or discolored not applicable absent present absent stasis dermatitis present ```

Question 32

claudication

Answer 32

muscle pain classically in calf muscle, which occurs during exercise

Question 33

neurogenic claudication pattern relief common cause

Answer 33

not predictable position related (seated with flexion) DJD, spinal canal stenosis)

Question 34

vascular claudication pattern relief common cause

Answer 34

predictably reproducable always with rest arteriosclerosis, buerger's

Question 35

claudication time

Answer 35

patient walks at rate of 120 steps /min for 1 minute | +pain in calves

Question 36

bicycle test

Answer 36

patient pedals fast until painrul, rest until painless, repeat + pain in calves

Question 37

stoop test

Answer 37

walking causes pain, stoop in flexion relieves it +pain in legs +neurogenic

Question 38

buerger's AKA thromboangitis obliterans

Answer 38

seen in 20-40 yo males and is associated with excess tobacco smoking presents with intermittent vascular claudication, non-healing ulcers and gangrene need to stop smoking and amputate what needs amputated

Question 39

raynaud's

Answer 39

seen in patients >15 yo associated with buerger's collagen disease scleroderma

Question 40

what is raynaud's caused by?

Answer 40

cold stress emotion brought on by arterial spasms, triphasic color changes (white-blue-red), finger tip ulcers, gangrene, cold sensitivity

Question 41

test for raynaud's

Answer 41

allen's

Question 42

tests for thromboangitis obliterans

Answer 42

claudication time | buerger's test

Question 43

varicose veins

Answer 43

seen in patients >20 yo pregnant women, or overweight adults | presents with incompetent valves, dilated tortuous changes

Question 44

test for varicose veins

Answer 44

+perthes

Question 45

deep vein thrombosis

Answer 45

presents with tenderness, edema, pain and redness

Question 46

test for deep vein thrombosis

Answer 46

homan's D dimer test CBC

Question 47

how to help with deep vein thrombosis

Answer 47

compressive stocking

Question 48

pulmonary embolism

Answer 48

blockage of an artery in the lung by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream usually due to thrombus from deep veins in legs

Question 49

symptoms of pulmonary embolism

Answer 49

difficulty breathing chest pain on inspiration palpitations

Question 50

risk of pulmonary embolism

Answer 50

increased in flying and prolonged bedrest

Question 51

relfex sympathetic dystrophy

Answer 51

chronic pain condition key symptoms continuous, intense pain out of proportion to severity of injury, which gets worse rather than better over time

Question 52

typical features of reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Answer 52

dramatic chagnes in color and temperature of skin over affected limb or body part intense burning pain, skin sensitivity, sweating, swelling, muscle weakness

Question 53

telangiectasia

Answer 53

small superficial dilated blood vessels | they can develop anywhere on body but are commonly seen on face around nose, cheeks and chin

Question 54

petechia

Answer 54

pinpoint hemorrhage