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NMS 3 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

shoulder depression

A

patient seated, doctor depressed patient’s shoulder while laterally flexing the cervical spine away from shoulder
repeat on other side
positive: pain
indicates: nerve root adhesions, dural sleeve adhesions

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2
Q

distraction test

A

with patient seated, doctor exerts upward pressure on patient’s head removing the weight of patient’s head from neck

positive: decreased pain or increased pain
indicates: (decreased)NR compression, (increased)sprain/strain

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3
Q

maximum cervical compression

A

patient seated and actively rotates, laterally flexes, hyperextends the neck to the right. if not pain the patient is asked to maximally laterally flex the neck. repeat on other side. no compression applied

positive: radicular pain/localized pain
indicates: NR compression/facet syndrome

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4
Q

jackson’s compression

A

patient is seated the doctor alterally flexes the patient’s head to the right and applies downward pressure. doctor the performs same on other side

positivie: radicular pain/localized pain
indicates: NR compression/facet syndrome

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5
Q

foraminal compression

A

seated patient actively rotates head from side to side. doctor exerts downard pressure from neutral postion. head is then rotated to each side with pressure

positive: radicularpain/localized pain
indicates: NR compression/facet

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6
Q

bakody’s AKA shoulder abuction

A

while seated, patient actively places affected arm’s palm on top of head. elbow should be at level of head

positive: relief of pain
indicates: IVD encroachment

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7
Q

propulsion/festinating/shuffling

A

parkinson’s, forward leaning posture with small, shuffling steps (acceleration, lack/arm mvmnt)

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8
Q

scissor

A

cerebral palsy

knees cross midline while walking

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9
Q

waddling

A

muscular dystrophy

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10
Q

steppage

A

anterior compartment syndrome, foot drop, L4 lesion/paralysis of tibialis anterior

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11
Q

trendelenburg

A

weak gluteus medius causing lurchingand drastic pelvic tilting on affected side

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12
Q

slappage/sensory ataxia

A

posterior column disease (difficulty walking in dark)

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13
Q

circumduction/hemiplegic

A

stroke; swinging, unilateral, spastic hemiplegia

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14
Q

spastic

A

UMNL

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15
Q

antalgic

A

gait is utilized to avoid provoking pain

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16
Q

drunken/motor acaxic

A

wide based pait (cerebellum)

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17
Q

acceleration of gait is through the action of?

A

iliopsoas and rectus femoris

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18
Q

deceleration is accomplshed by?

A

hamstrings

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19
Q

heel strike is accomlished by?

A

dorsiflexors

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20
Q

foot strike is accomplished by?

A

abductors

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21
Q

toe off is accomplished by?

A

quads

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22
Q

huntington’s chorea

A 
MC age of onset is 35-44
neurodegenrative genetic disorder
affects muscle coordination
cognitive decline
demintia
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23
Q

alzheimer’s

A 
mental deterioration (cortical degenration)
amnesia
most definitive diagnosis: autopsy
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24
Q

charcot marie tooth

A

hereditary condition that affects both motor and sensory nerves
typical feature includes weakness of foot and lower leg muscles which may result in food drop and hgih stepped gait with frequent tripping or falls
lower leg atrophy (peroneal ms) will ocur after a period of time

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25
muscular dystrophy
``` erb duchenne sex linked recessive disorder boys 3-7 proximal muscle weakness causing a waddling gait; toe walking, hyperlordosis (pot belly stance), pseudohypertrophy of calves, gower's sign large increased in CPK (CK-MM) decreased creatinine ```
26
tabes dorsalis
clinical condition of tertiary syphilis wasting away of posteior columns irregularities of pupil (argyll robertson) slappage gait
27
guillian-barre syndrome
inflammatory polyneuropathy of PNS linked to recent immunizations or seen after recent flu infection ascending paralysis(beginning at legs) and sensory symptoms can become a medical emergency if it reaches the diaphragm
28
parkinson's
chronic progressive condition associated with loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra causing basal ganglionic dysfunction extrapyramidal tract involvement gradual onset over 50 resting tremors, mask like face, festinating gait, cogwheel/lead pipe rigidity, forward stooped posture, bradykinesia
29
cerebral palsy
non-progessive motor disorder of the cerebral cortex due to anorexia to the brain prenatally or during birth trauma scissor gait, spastic paralysis, athetoid (MC) and choreiform movements, normal intelligence
30
brown sequard
hemisection spinal cord usually caused by an injury | ipsilateral loss of motor function and dorsal columns with contra-lateral loss of pain and temperature
31
posterolateral sclerosis
gegeneration of the posterior columns and the corticospinal tracts as a result of a B12 deficiency +schilling test neurological symptoms are irreversible glove and stocking paresthesia
32
ALS | lou gehrig's
affects the corticospinal tract and anterior horn usually begins in hands and feet and life expectancy is short seen in males >40 fasciculations are present as well as spasticity and incrased DTR LMNL in arms and UMNL in legs
33
myasthenia gravis
females 20-40 myoneural junction dysfunction weakness in CN then proximal muscles affected early signs: ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, fatigue of muscles diagnosed with tensilon test and terated with cholinesterase inhibiting drugs
34
MS
demyalination of CNS motor and sensory tracts are affected females 20-40 with periods of exacerbations and remissions, worse when moving from cold to warm climate diploplia, scotomas, transient blindness, optic neuritis, pain, vertigo, UMNL in legs causing distal weakness +lhermette's Charcot's triad diagnosis best with MRI
35
charcot's triad
scanning speech, intention tremors, nystagmus
36
syringomyelia
pathological longitudinal cyst of central canal of spinal cord fluid filling cavities expand in adult years los of sens of pain and temperature over shoulders and back in a cape like distribution
37
cerebrum
sensory and motor interpretation language stroke, cerebral palsy, alcholism, alzheimer's tumor
38
cerebellum
balance, coordination, dysmetria, dyssynergia, diadochokinesia, tandem gais, MS, alcoholism, and a form of cerebral palsy
39
posterior column
2 point discrimination, vibration, and joint position sense | MS, tabes dorsalis, leprosy
40
corticospinal
voluntary motor, flexors of the hands and feet | UMNL
41
lateral spinothalamic
pain and temperature | syringomyelia
42
anterior spinothalamic
crude light touch
43
vestibulospinal
balances reflexes and postural muscles | benign positional vertigo and labyrinthitis
44
rubrospinal
muscle tone and synergy to proximal flexors of the extremities
45
reticulospinal
muscle tone and synergy to the voluntary extensor muscle
46
lateral corticospinal
corsses at medullary pyramids and travels to the flexors of the extremities
47
ventral corticospinal
crosses at the segmental level and then to the flexors of the trunk UMNL
48
de quervain's tenosynovitis
inflammation of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons on the side of the wrist at the base of the thumb can be brought on by simple strain injury treated by braching the htumb and wrist +finkelstien's
49
trigger finger
finger becomes locked in a flexed position finger locks when one of the tensond that flex the finger becomes inflamed and swollen to straighten the finger, a person must force the swollen area into the sheath produca popping or snapping
50
dupuytren's contracutre
an abnormal thickening underneath the skin of the aplm and fingers caused the last tow fingers to curl into the palm lateral on the middle finger may be involved
51
boutonniere deformity
hyper-extension of the DIP and hyperflexion fo PIP | seen with RA
52
swan neck deformity
hyperflexion of the DIP and hyper extension of PIP | seen with RA
53
mallet finger
a deformity in which the finger tip is curled in and cannot straighten itself this deformity usually results from injury, which either damages the tendon or tears the tendone from the bone
54
deep peroneal nerve
anterior compartment syndoome canc affect any and all 4 muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius s/s similar to charcot marie tooth repetitive loading and microtrauma, tibial fracture
55
common peroneal
fibular head presents with pain in tehlateral aspect of the leg, weak peroneal muscle or foot drop caused by trauma
56
morton's neuroma
between the 3rd and 4th metatarsals caused by repetitive microtrauma, narrow toed shoes, RA, foot deformities presents with apin in the toes and dorsum of the foot surgery may be necessary
57
tibial nerve
tarsal tunnel syndrome presents with buringin paresthesia and decreased sensation on soles of feet and weak muscles of the fot, aggravated by walking or standing treaetment: adjust, orthoic support to keep foot in slight inversion
58
sciatic
pelvis, hip, pipliteal fossa caused by trauma, traction, wallet pressure, piriformis, muscle spasm presents with sensory pain in posterior butt, thigh, leg down to floor weak nee flexion and decreased achilles relfex
59
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve | meralgia paresthetica
over the pelvic brim unde the inguinal ligament L2,3 nerve roots caused by extenal pressure, obesity, tight jeans presents with buringin dysesthesia on anteriolateral thigh treatment: advise with weight loss and loose clothing
60
dorsal scapular nerve
lfaring of the scapula nerve injury and paralysis of the rhomoid msucles flaring/winging is more obvious with arm abduction
61
long thoracic nerve
scapular winging result of numerous case, indluding taumatic, iatrogenic and idiopathic processes that most often result in enrve injury and paralysis of the serratus anteiror
62
radial nerve
wrist drop, erb's palsy, saturday night palsy, crutch palsy site: spral groove caused by trauma, lead poisoning, pressure from crutches presents with los of triceps relfex decreased sensationoto posteiror arm, forearm and psterolateral 3.5 fingers
63
klumpke paralysis
palsy of lower brachial plexus from childbirth creastes a claw hand deformity with flexion of the wrist if it affects T1, it can cause Horner's syndrome
64
ulnar nerve
site: tunnel of guyon, cubital tunnel caused by direct trauam or repetitive microtrauma presents with pain, tingling, numbness in the last 2 digits and weakness of adductor pollicis and hypothenar atrophy cubital tunnel entrapement will present with weak wrist flfexion on the ulnar side
65
pronator teres syndrome
between heads of pronator teres at elbow atnerior interosseous nerve presents witih pain and paresthesia on the volar aspect of forearm, lateral palm and lateral digits caused y hypertonicity of muscle by things such as occupation pain with pornation, wrist felxion, thenar atrophy pinch grip test trigger point therapy, stray and stretch
66
carpal tunnel syndrome
site: under the flexor retinaculum caused by trauma, obesity, fluid retension (pregnancy), hypothyroidism, RA presents with numbness and tingling in the first 3 digits thenar atrophy, nocturnal pain, weak opponens pollicis (ape hand appearnce) tests: tinel's, phalen's, grip strength with dynamometer

Part 2/3 boards (16 decks)

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