General Diagnosis 7 Flashcards by Rachael Beverage

RBC

absolute number of circulating RBCs per unit volume of blood

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normal levels of RBC

4-6 million/cm3

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RBC increased

primary polycythemia vera

relative/secondary (high altitude)

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RBC decreased

anemia

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direct measure of weight of hemoglobin/unit volume of blood

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normal levels of Hb

15 gm%

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Hb increased

dehydration
loss of blood fluid volume
polycythemia vera

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Hb decreased

anemia

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Hct

packed cell volume

ratio of the volume of RBCs to that of whole blood

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Hct normal

42 +/- 5%

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increased Hct

dehydration

polycythemia vera

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decreased Hct

anemia

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MCV

mean corpuscular volume

calculated measure of the size of the average circulating RBC

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normal MCV

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increased MCV

macrocytic anemia

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decreased MCV

microcytic anemia

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MCHC

mean corpuscular Hb concentration

average concentration of Hb in a given volume of packed cells

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normal MCHC

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increased MCHC

macrocytic anemia

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decreased MCHC

microcytic anemia

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platelets

thrombocytes

absolute quantification of circulating thrombocytes/volume

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normal platelets/thrombocytes

200,000-350,000mm3

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increased platelets/thrombocytes

polycythemia
trauma
blood loss

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decreased platelets/thrombocytes

anemia

extenive burns or thrombocytopenia

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WBC

absolute quantification of total circul WBC/unit of blood

normal WBC

5-10,000mm3

increased WBC

acute infetion inflammation leukemia (over 50,000)

decreased WBC

overwhelming infection | viral conditions

increased neutrophils

bacterial infection

increased lymphocytes

virus

increased monocytes

chronic inflammation

increased eosinophils

allergies, parasites

increased basophils

heparin production | histamine release

anemias that have excessive hemolysis

sickle cell anemia thalassemia (mediterranean anemia) erythroblastosis fetalis

sickle cell anemia

presents with nucleated RBCs caused by Hgb S and seen in 10% of African Americans normocytic normochromic

Thalassemia

presents with microcytic, target cells caused by decreased beta chain synthesis and is seen in mediterranean, north africa, south and east asia AKA cooley's anemia

erythroblastosis fetalis

caused by an Rh+ father adn Rh- mother

anemias with defective erythropoiesis

megaloblastic anemia iron deficiency anemia aplastic anemia

megaloblastic anemia

macrocytic normochromic B9/folic acid progresses to posterolateral sclerosis of SC, which is also known as, combined systems disease

B12/cyanocobolamin pernicious anemia

lack of IF due to chronic atrophic gastric mucosa

iron deficiency anemia

hypochromic microcytic | seen with chronic blood loss and pregnancy

aplastic anemia

normocytic normochromic panhypoplasia of bone marrow, decreased in all blood cells seen with drugs, chemotherapy, radiation, multiple myeloma, RA, leukopenia, acute blood loss, benzene poisoning, thrombocytopenia

straw urine

normal

red urine

blood or food pigments (infection, cancer, or food dyes)

green urine

biliverdin (biliary duct obstruction, pseudomonas infection, pad protein digestion)

blue urine

diuretic therapy, pseudomonas infection, bad protein digestion

brown urine

bile bigments or blod (biliary duct obstruction, occult blood, homogenistic acid)

black urine

homogentistic acid | urobilin (ochronosis, hemolysis, bacteria)

hazy or cloudy urine

epithelia cells, WBCs, RBCs, crystals, sperm, microorganisms

milky urine

WBCs or fat

normal urine PH

4-8

normal specific gravity

1.01-1.03

specific gravity increases with

bacterial infection diabetes mellitus kidney abnormalities

normal glucose in urine

non detected | renal threshold >180mg

glucose in the urine indicates

diabetes mellitus, shock, head injury, pancreatic disease | renal tubular disease

ketones in urine

normal is none | renal threshold is >180mg

ketones in urine indicates

starvation diabetes mellitus weight loss diets inadequate carb intake

normal protein in urine

none detected

protein in urine indicates

kidney disorders toxemia of pregnancy diabetes mellitus multiple myeloma

urobilinogen

normal .1-1 unit/mL

increased urobilinogen

hemolytic disease | hepatic disease

decreased urobilinogen

biliary obstruction

bilirubine

normal is non detected | increased with hepatic disease or biliary obstruction

blood in urine

normal: none detected | increased with tumors, truama, kidney infection, kidney stones, HTN, bleeding disorders

hyaline casts

normal

epithelial casts

tubular dama

RBC casts

glomerulonephritis

WBC casts

pyelonephritis

waxy casts

renal failure, nephrosis

General Diagnosis 7 Flashcards

(69 cards)