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GI/Nutritional Disorders > General Gastroenterology of Cows > Flashcards

General Gastroenterology of Cows Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the big 5 causes of calf diarrhea?

A

Salmonella, Coronavirus, rotavirus, crypto, enteropathogenic E. coli

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2
Q

What age of calf is affected by crypto?

A

1-4wk

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3
Q

Which cause of calf diarrhea is zoonotic?

A

Crypto

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4
Q

What type of diarrhea does E. coli cause in calves?

A

White

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5
Q

How is a calf systemically affected by E. coli?

A

Dehydration/hypovolemia, tachycardia, unable to stand

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6
Q

A floppy calf with metabolic acidosis has what disease?

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli

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7
Q

How do you treat an E. coli calf with hypovolemia and metabolic acidosis?

A

Na containing IV fluids which contain additional alkali

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8
Q

Why does an E. coli calf become hyperkalemic?

A

Metabolic acidosis causes potassium to leave cells

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9
Q

Why might an E. coli calf become septic?

A

Bacterial translocation across gut

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10
Q

What type of abomasal ulcers are bleeding ulcers?

A

Type 2

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11
Q

What type of stool is produced by a cow with an abomasal ulcer?

A

Melena

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12
Q

How do you treat a type 2 abomasal ulcer?

A

4-8L fresh whole blood transfusion

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13
Q

What drug can you give to help raise abomasal pH?

A

Omeprazole and ranitidine

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14
Q

Which cows are most prone to abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

Recently freshened

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15
Q

Where will the ping be heard with an abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

R ICS 9-13

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16
Q

How will bloodwork be affected by an abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

Hypochloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

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17
Q

What causes hypochloremia in a cow w/abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

Sequestered HCl in abomasum

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18
Q

How does a abomasal volvulus/torsion develop alkalosis?

A

Compensate for sequestered HCl by conserving Na and retaining bicarb

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19
Q

How does an abomasal volvulus/torsion develop hypokalemia?

A

H+ will exchange for K+ b/c of alkalosis in order to establish a normal cell pH

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20
Q

As a result of decr. potassium and the need to retain Na, what do the kineys do?

A

Exchange H+ for Na (rather than K+ for NA)

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21
Q

What type of fluids do you give an abomasal volvulus/torsion?

A

NaCl w/K added

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22
Q

What is the rate at which K can be given IV?

A

0.5mEq/kg/hr

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23
Q

Where does a left displaced abomasum get trapped?

A

Between rumen and left body wall

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24
Q

When is an LDA most common?

A

First 4 weeks postpartum

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25
What increases likelihood of an LDA?
Increased metabolic demand for lactation, diet changes
26
How does postpartum hypoCa potentially predispose a cow to LDA?
Predisposes to decreased abomasal motility
27
Where will you hear a ping with LDA?
L side ICS 10-13
28
How will TPR be affected by an LDA?
Normal
29
Are clinical signs more systemic/distressing with LDA or RDA?
RDA
30
What type of feces will you see with an intussusception?
Scant dark (blackberry jam)
31
What clinical signs are assoc. w/intussusception in ruminants?
Teeth grinding, colic, blackberry jam feces
32
Where is the most common spot for a ruminant to get an intussusception?
Ileum
33
What electrolyte changes are assoc. w/intussusception in ruminants?
HypoCl, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis
34
What approach do you use to surgically treat an intussusception?
R flank surgery
35
Where will you palpate a distended structure with cecal dilation/torsion?
Loaf of bread just cranial to pelvis
36
Where will a ping from a cecal dilation be located?
R side from last rib to pelvis (high up)
37
What approach do you use to surgically treat a cecal dilation/torsion?
Right flank surgery
38
Where will you hear a ping if there is gas in the spiral colon?
8in. circular ping high on last rib or just behind
39
Common finding in any sick cow w/poor GI motility
Gas in spiral colon
40
What type of boat results from consumption of lush legumes?
Frothy bloat
41
What causes free gas bloat?
Vagal indigestion
42
How do you treat frothy bloat?
Poloxalene PO
43
How does Poloxalene treat frothy bloat?
Reduces surface tension and destabilized froth
44
What clinical signs do you see with frothy bloat?
Resp distress, froth in rumenal trochar
45
If you pass a stomach tube and no gas escapes, what type of bloat does the cow have?
Frothy bloat
46
What produces a papple shape?
Vagal indigestion
47
What is papple?
Local peritonitis leads to poor motility of forestomach, rumen fills w/fluid + gas cap and abomasum fills w/fluid
48
What is type 1 vagal indigestion?
Free gas bloat (failure to eructate)
49
What are the signals that detect pressure in the rumen and open the cardia to allow for erucation?
Mediastinal LNs
50
How do you treat type 1 vagal indigestion?
Temp. rumen fistula until eructation occurs
51
What is type 2 vagal indigestion?
Failure of omasal transport
52
Large fluid-filled rumen, monotone ping @ L 11-hip, papple are sings of which vagal indigestion?
Type 2 (failure of omasal transport)
53
How can you ddx type 2 from type 3 vagal indigestion?
Type 3 will have more profound e-lyte disturbances and cow will appear sicker
54
Cows have internal vomiting and accumulate chloride in the rumen
Type 3 vagal indigestion
55
What is type 3 vagal indigestion?
Failure of pyloric outflow
56
What e-lyte changes are assoc. w/type 3 vagal indigestion?
HypoCl, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis
57
What causes metabolic alkalosis assoc. w/type 3 vagal indigestion?
Intestines no able to reabsorb Cl into bloodstream after its secreted into abomasum
58
What vagal indigestion is more common in sheep than cows?
Type 4 (abomasal impaction)
59
What is type 4 vagal indigestion?
Abomasal impaction
60
Which sheep breed is most prone to type 4 vagal indigestion (abomasal impaction)?
Suffolk
61
What grass contains sharp barbs hat stick into mucosa of young cattle and horses and cause oral ulcers?
Yellow bristle grass (Sertaria lutescens)
62
What is the main clinical sign of bristle grass irritation?
Reluctance to eat, ulceration of oral mucosa

GI/Nutritional Disorders (29 decks)

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