General Organisation

Question 1

What are the three main muscles of the neck?

Answer 1

Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

Question 2

What is the origin of the platysma?

Answer 2

Lower mandible

Question 3

What is the insertion of the platysma?

Answer 3

Chest wall

Question 4

What is the action of the platysma?

Answer 4

Depress corner of mouth and jaw

Question 5

What is the innervation of platysma?

Answer 5

Facial nerve

Question 6

How do you test the action of platysma?

Answer 6

Tense neck muscles

Question 7

Where does the platysma lie?

Answer 7

Superficial cervical fascia

Question 8

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 8

Sternum and clavicle

Question 9

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 9

Mastoid process

Question 10

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 10

Lateral flexion and tilts neck

Question 11

What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 11

Accessory nerve

Question 12

What is the origin of the trapezius?

Answer 12

Base of the skull

Question 13

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

Answer 13

Scapula and clavicle

Question 14

What is the action of trapezius?

Answer 14

Elevation of the shoulder

Question 15

What is he innervation of trapezius?

Answer 15

Accessory nerve

Question 16

How would you test the action of trapezius?

Answer 16

Hands on shoulder and shrug to test resistance

Question 17

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

Answer 17

Sternocleidomastoid, mandible and midline of neck

Question 18

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

Answer 18

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and clavicle

Question 19

What are infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 19

Strap muscles
Below hyoid
Overlie larynx
Innervated by cervical nerves

Question 20

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

Answer 20

Omohyoid
Digastric
Sternocleidomastoid

Question 21

What is in the carotid triangle?

Answer 21

Carotid sheath:
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vegus nerve

Question 22

What are the fascial planes of the neck?

Answer 22

Superficial cervical fascia

Deep: investing layer, carotid sheath, pretracheal fascia, prevertebral fascia

Question 23

What is superficial cervical fascia made of?

Answer 23

Loose connective tissue

Fat, Platysma, cutaneous nerves, Lymph nodes, blood vessels

Question 24

What is deep cervical fascias made from?

Answer 24

Dense connective tissue

Question 25

What is the problem with retropharngeal space and pre tracheal space?

Answer 25

Infections can spread from here to the mediastinum causing mediastinitis

Question 26

What are the muscles of mastication and what do they do?

Answer 26

Temporalis- close mouth Masseter- close mouth Medial pterygoid- close mouth Lateral pterygoid- open mouth

Question 27

What are muscles of mastication innervated by?

Answer 27

Trigeminal nerve

Question 28

What are the muscles of facial expression and what do they do?

Answer 28

``` Ocipitalfrontalis- raise eyebrow Orbicularis occuli- close eye Buccinator- assist in chewing Orbicularis oris- close mouth Platysma Zygomaticus and epicranial openeurosis ```

Question 29

What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?

Answer 29

Facial nerve

Question 30

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 30

``` To- tibial Zanzibar- zygomatic By- buckle Motor- maxilla Car- cervical ```

Question 31

What are the trigeminal nerve branches?

Answer 31

Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular

Question 32

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 32

``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose areolar tissue Pericranium ```

Question 33

What are the blood vessels of the head and neck?

Answer 33

Internal and external Common carotid | Internal and external jugular vein

Question 34

Why does lots of bleeding occur at the scalp?

Answer 34

Dense connective tissue keeps the Arteries and veins open

Question 35

Why does aponeurosis gape?

Answer 35

Occipitofrontalis bellies