Oral cavity and pharynx

Question 1

What are the motor muscles of the tongue innervated by?

Answer 1

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 2

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 2

Geniohyoidus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

Question 3

What is the sensation of the anterior tongue innervated by?

Answer 3

Trigeminal nerve

Question 4

What is the taste of the anterior tongue innervated by?

Answer 4

Facial nerve

Question 5

What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongues sensation and taste innervated by?

Answer 5

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 6

What is the drainage of the submandibular gland?

Answer 6

Wharton duct- how saliva enters mouth

Question 7

What is the drainage of the salivary gland?

Answer 7

Stensen duct- around 2nd premolar

Question 8

What is tonsillitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the tonsils (palatine)

Question 9

What causes tonsillitis?

Answer 9

Viral and bacterial causes

Question 10

What are the symptoms of the tonsillitis?

Answer 10

Fever, sore throat, pain and difficulty swallowing, cervical lymph nodes, bad breath

Question 11

What is another word for a peritonsillar abscess?

Answer 11

Quinsy

Question 12

What is a peritonsillar abscess?

Answer 12

Follow on from tonsilitis or arise on own

Question 13

What are the symptoms of the peritonsillar abscess?

Answer 13

Severe throat pain, fever, bad breath, drooling, difficulty opening mouth

Question 14

What is a salivary gland stone (sialolithiasis)?

Answer 14

Mainly in submandibular glands

Most stones less than 1cm

Question 15

What causes a salivary gland stone?

Answer 15

Dehydration so reduced salivary flow

Question 16

What are the symptoms of salivary gland stones?

Answer 16

Pain in gland
Swelling
Infection

Question 17

How are salivary gland stones diagnosed?

Answer 17

History
X ray
Sialogram

Question 18

What is special about the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 18

Not connected to bone

Question 19

What is the palatoglossus innervated by?

Answer 19

Vagus nerve

Question 20

Where does the sublingual gland lie and come out?

Answer 20

Underneath the tongue

Question 21

What is the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

Answer 21

Base of skull to upper border of soft palate, posterior C1 and C2, anterior nasal cavity

Question 22

What are the pharynx’s?

Answer 22

Areas lying behind the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx

Question 23

What does the nasopharynx contain?

Answer 23

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Eustachian tube

Question 24

Where is the oropharynx?

Answer 24

Boundaries- soft palate to epiglottis, posterior- C2,C3 and anterior- oral cavity

Question 25

What does the oropharynx contain?

Answer 25

Palatine tonsils

Question 26

What are the boundaries of the laryngopharyx?

Answer 26

Boundaries- oropharynx to oesphagus, epiglottis to circoid cartilage, posterior- C4, C5, C6 and anterior- larynx

Question 27

What is in the laryngopharynx?

Answer 27

Piriform fossa

Question 28

Where do tonsils lie?

Answer 28

Within the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch

Question 29

What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus?

Answer 29

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 30

What is the palatopharyngeus innervation?

Answer 30

Vagus nerve | pharyngeal branch

Question 31

What is the salpingopharyngeus innervations?

Answer 31

Vagus nerve | pharyngeal branch

Question 32

What does the salpingopharyngeus merge with?

Answer 32

palatopharyngeus

Question 33

What do the three longitudinal muscles do?

Answer 33

Lift up the pharynx during swallowing

Question 34

Where does the stylopharyngeus attach?

Answer 34

Styloid process to posterior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 35

Where does the palatopharyngeus attach?

Answer 35

Hard palate to posterior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 36

Where does the salpingopharyngeus attach?

Answer 36

Cartilaginous part of ET- merges with palatopharyngeus

Question 37

What are the three pharyngeal constrictors?

Answer 37

Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 38

What are the three pharyngeal constrictors innervation?

Answer 38

Vagus nerve

Question 39

Where is the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 39

Located mainly on surface of middle constrictor muscle | Vagus , glossopharyngeal and cervical sympathetic nerves

Question 40

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx

Answer 40

Vagus apart from stylopharyngeus which is glossopharyngeal

Question 41

What is the sensory innervation of the nasopharynx?

Answer 41

Maxillary nerve

Question 42

What is oropharynx innervated sensory by?

Answer 42

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 43

What is laryngopharynx sensory innervation?

Answer 43

Vagus nerve

Question 44

If damage to IX or X nerve what will happen?

Answer 44

Absent gag | Ulvula deviated away from lesions

Question 45

If damage to XII nerve what will happen?

Answer 45

Wasted tongue | Deviates when stick out

Question 46

What is the cause of a pharyngeal pouch?

Answer 46

Failure of UOS to relax abnormal timing of swallowing e.g. if high pressure in laryngopharynx so weakness in inferior constrictor muscle producing outpouching

Question 47

What are the symptoms of pharyngeal pouch?

Answer 47

Bad breath, regurgitation of food, occasional choking on fluids, difficulty swallowing

Question 48

What are the causes of dysphagia?

Answer 48

Stroke, progressive neurological disease, COPD, dementia

Question 49

What are the symptoms of dysphagia?

Answer 49

Coughing, choking, drooling | Pneumonia, change in voice, nasal regurgitation

Question 50

What is more difficult to swallow fluid or food?

Answer 50

Fluid as difficult to coordinate- thicken

Question 51

What are the causes of enlarged adenoids?

Answer 51

infection, allergies or enlarged at birth

Question 52

What are the symptoms of enlarged adenoids?

Answer 52

Block nose, ear problems, snoring, sore throat, trouble sleeping and swallowing etc

Question 53

How would you check for glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve injury?

Answer 53

Ask to say ahhh or check gag reflex

Question 54

How would you check hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 54

Stick out tongue and see if deviates towards the side of lesion Tongue wasting