General Virology

Question 1

Naked Virus (Nucleocapsid) Composition

Answer 1

Viral genome + Capsid +/- Virus-Encoded Enzymes

Question 2

Enveloped Virus Composition

Answer 2

Nucleocapsid (Viral genome + Capsid +/- Virus-Encoded Enzymes)
+
Host Membrane with Virus-Encoded Glycoproteins

Question 3

Viral Genome types

Answer 3

DNA vs RNA
Double-stranded (ds) vs Single-stranded (ss)
Segmented vs Non-Segmented
Linear, Circular, or Helical

Question 4

Single-stranded Genome types

Answer 4

Positive sense (+) RNA = Coding strand
Negative sense (-) RNA = Template strand
Ambisense (Genome contains both (+) & (-) strands

Question 5

Capsid (Capsomere) shapes

Answer 5

Icosahedral
Helical
Complex

Question 6

Virus-Encoded Glycoproteins functions

Answer 6

• Attachment to host cell & initiation of infection
• Viral antigens and stimulate antibody production
• Viral attachment proteins (VAPs) that bind to host cell structures like:
• Hemagglutinin (HA): binds erthrocytes
• Neuroaminidase (NA): Facilitate virion release from host cells
• Fusion proteins (F): facilitate fusion of virion and host cell

Question 7

Naked DNA viruses

Answer 7

Parvoviridae
Adenoviridae
Papovaviridae

Question 8

Naked RNA viruses

Answer 8

Astroviridae
Reoviridae
Picornaviridae
Caliciviridae

Question 9

All DNA viruses are double-stranded EXCEPT

Answer 9

Parvoviridae (B-19): ss DNA

Hepadnavirus: incomplete ds DNA

Question 10

All DNA viruses have Linear genome EXCEPT

Answer 10

Papovaviridae & Hepadnavirus (Circular)

Question 11

All DNA viruses have Icosahedral capsid EXCEPT

Answer 11

Poxviruses (complex, bullet-shaped capsid)

Question 12

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus EXCEPT

Answer 12

Poxviruses (in the cytoplasm cuz they carry their own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)

Question 13

All RNA viruses are single-stranded EXCEPT

Answer 13

Reoviruses (ds RNA)

Question 14

All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm EXCEPT

Answer 14

Orthomyxoviruses & Retroviruses (in the nucleus)

Question 15

Viruses with segmented genomes

Answer 15

Bunyaviruses (3 segments)
Orthomyxoviruses (8 segments)
Arenaviruses (2 segments)
Reoviruses (10 or 11 segments)

Question 16

Arboviruses (Arthropod-borne viruses)

Answer 16

Flaviviridae
Togaviridae
Bunyaviridae
Reoviridae

Question 17

Roboviruses (Rodent-borne viruses)

Answer 17

Arenaviridae & Bunyaviridae

Question 18

Viral replication steps

Answer 18

1- Attachment
2- Penetration
3- Uncoating
4- Macromolecular synthesis (Early mRNA & protein, genome replication, Late mRNA & protein)
5- Post-translational modification of proteins
6- Assembly of new virus particles
7- Release (cell lysis or budding out)

Question 19

Congenital infections

Answer 19

TORCHeS
Toxoplasmosis
Other infections
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes, HIV
Syphilis

Question 20

Live Virus Vaccines

Answer 20

MMR PARVVY
Measles, Mumps, & Rubella
Polio (Sabin), Adenovirus, Rotavirus, Variola, Vzv, & Yellow fever

Question 21

Killed Virus Vaccines

Answer 21

Hepatitis A
Rabies
Influenza
Polio (Salk)

Question 22

Inactivated Virus Vaccines

Answer 22

HBV
Influenza
Adenovirus

Question 23

Don’t give Live attenuated vaccines to

Answer 23

Pregnant women & immunocompramized patients

Question 24

Negri bodies

Answer 24

Rabies (intracytoplasmic)

Question 25

Guarnieri bodies

Answer 25

Poxviruses (intracytoplasmic acidophilic)

Question 26

Owl eye

Answer 26

CMV (intranuclear)

Question 27

Cowdry

Answer 27

Herpes and measles in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (intranuclear)

Question 28

Syncytia formation

Answer 28

Herpes viruses Varicella zoster Paramyxoviruses (measles, mumps, rubella, and RSV) HIV