Organism(s)/Virulence factors (pathogenicity) Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
S. aureus
A
Immune modulators
- Protein A, Coagulase, Hemolysins, Leukocidin, Catalase, Penicillinase
Factors permitting penetration
- Hyaluronidase, Fibrinolysin, Lipases
Toxins
- Exfolatin, Enterotoxins (heat-stable), Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)
2
Q
S. epidermidis
A
Catalase, urease, and biofilms
3
Q
S. saprophyticus
A
Catalase and urease
4
Q
S. pneumoniae
A
Capsule and IgA protease
5
Q
S. mutans and S. mitis
A
Dextran biofilms
6
Q
S. pyogenes
A
- M protein
- Streptolysins S and O
- Pyrogenic exotoxins
- Streptokinases
- Hyaluronidase
- Streptococcal DNAse
7
Q
S. agalactiae
A
Capsule, beta hemolysin and CAMP factor
8
Q
S. bovis
A
Unknown
9
Q
Enterococci (E. faecalis and E. faecium)
A
Bile/salt tolerance
10
Q
B. anthracis
A
- Capsule (polypeptide)
- Anthrax toxin which includes 3 components
- Protective antigen (B component)
- Lethal factor
- Edema factor
11
Q
B. cereus
A
- Emetic toxin (preformed toxin)
- Diarrheal toxin
12
Q
C. tetani
A
Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)
13
Q
C. botulinum
A
Heat-labile toxin (A-B neurotoxin) most common serotypes are A, B and E
14
Q
C. perfringens
A
- Spores
- Alpha toxin (phospholipase C) a lecithinase
- 12 other toxins which damage tissues
- Enterotoxin
15
Q
C. difficile
A
- Toxin A (enterotoxin)
- Toxin B (cytotoxin)
16
Q
C. diphtheriae
A
Diphtheria toxin (A-B component) with local effect forming dirty gray pseudomembrane and systemic effect leading to heart and nerve damage
17
Q
L. monocytogenes
A
- Listeriolysin O ( a beta hemolysin)
- Jets directly from cytoplasm to another cell by actin filament formation
18
Q
Nocardia
A
Unknown
19
Q
Actinomyces
A
Invasive growth in tissues with compromised oxygen supply
20
Q
M. tuberculosis
A
- Facultative intracellular organism
- Sulfatides (sulfolipids in cell envelope)
- Cord factor (trehalose dimycolate)
- Tuberculin (surface protein)
21
Q
M. leprae
A
Obligate intracellular organism
22
Q
M. avium intracellulare
A
Unknown
23
Q
M. kansasii
A
Unknown
24
Q
M. scrofulaceum
A
Unknown
25
M. marinum
Unknown
26
M. catarrhalis
Endotoxin
27
P. mirabilis
- Urease
- Motility
- Endotoxin
28
P. vulgaris
- Urease
- Motility
- Endotoxin
29
N. gonorrhoeae
- Pili
| - Outer membrane proteins (OMP I, Opa proteins [opacity], IgA protease)
30
N. meningitidis
- Capsule (polysaccharide)
- IgA protease
- Endotoxin (lipooligosaccharide) overproduction of outer membrane
- Pili and outer membrane proteins
31
H. influenzae
- Capsule (type b is polyribitol phosphate)
| - IgA protease
32
H. ducreyi
Unknown
33
B. pertussis
- Attachment through filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin
- Toxins
* Adenylate cyclase toxin
* Tracheal toxin
* Endotoxin
* Pertussis toxin
34
L. pneumophila
- Facultative intracellular organism
| - Endotoxin
35
P. aeruginosa
- Endotoxin
- Pseudomonas exotoxin
- Capsule/slime layer
36
E. coli
- Motility
- Pili, X-adhesins, beta hemolysin
- Capsule (K1)
- Endotoxin
- LT and ST toxins (ETEC)
- Rearrangement of actin and effacement of brush boarder micovilli by adherence to M cells (EPEC)
- Verotoxin 1 and 2 (EHEC)
- Fimbriae produce biofilm and enterotoxin EAST (EAEC)
- Elongation of microvilli with bacteria embedded in cell membrane (DAEC)
37
K. pneumoniae
Capsule and endotoxin
38
C. jejuni
Low infectious dose (as few as 500) and local invasion
39
S. typhi
- Resistant to macrophage killing due to decrease fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes and defensins
- Vi capsular antigen (withstands complement-mediated killing)
40
S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium
Endotoxin
41
S. paratyphi
Resistant to macrophage killing due to decrease fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes and defensins
42
Shigella
- Endotoxin
- Polymerize actin jet trails to go laterally in M cells without going back in extracellular milieu
- Shiga toxin (S. dysenteriae) which is neurotoxic, cytotoxic and enterotoxic
43
V. cholerae
- Motility (mucinase and toxin coregulated pili [TCP])
| - Cholera enterotoxin
44
V. parahemolyticus
Unknown
45
V. vulnificus
Unknown
46
Y. enterocolitica
- Enterotoxin and endotoxin
| - Multiplies in cold
47
Y. pestis
- Coagulase
- Endotoxin and exotoxin
- Envelope antigen (F-1)
- Type III secretion system which suppress cytokine production and resists phagocytic killing
48
H. pylori
- Motile
- Urease
- Mucinase
- Local invasion
- Type I produce vacuolating cytotoxin
49
L. interrogans
Unknown
50
B. burgdorferi
Unknown
51
B. recurrentis
Antigenic variation
52
T. pallidum
Unknown
53
B. henselae
Unknown
54
P. multocida
Endotoxin and capsule
55
G. vaginalis
Works synergistically with other normal flora
56
E. corrodens
Unknown
57
C. canimorsus
Unknown
58
HACEK group infections
Unknown
59
B. fragilis
Modified LPS and capsule
60
F. tularensis
Facultative intracellular organism
61
Brucella spp.
- Endotoxin
| - Facultative intracellular organism
62
R. rickettsii
Invade endothelial cells lining capillaries causing vasculitis of many organs including brain, liver, skin, lungs, kidney and GI tract
63
R. akari
Unknown
64
R. prowazekii
Unknown
65
R. typhi
Unknown
66
O. tsutsugamushi
Unknown
67
C. burnetii
Unknown
68
E. chafeensis
Unknown
69
E. phagocytophila
Unknown
70
Anaplasma spp.
Unknown
71
C. trachomatis
Infection of non-ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells of mucosal surfaces
72
C. pneumoniae
Intracellular growth
73
C. psittaci
Intracellular growth
74
M. pneumoniae
- Attaches to respiratory epithelium via P1 protein
- Inhibits ciliary action
- Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals and cytolytic enzymes
- Functions as a superantigen
75
U. urealyticum
Urease
76
H. capsulatum
Facultative intracellular organism
77
C. immitis
Endospores
78
B. dermatitidis
Unknown
79
A. fumigatus
Unknown
80
C. albicans
Unknown
81
C. neoformans
Unknown
82
Mucor, Rhizopus and Absidia
Unknown
83
P. jirovecii
Kills type I pneumocytes causing excess replication of type II pneumocytes and damage to alveolar epithelium
84
M. furfur
Unknown
85
Dermatophytes
Unknown
86
S. schenckii
Unknown
87
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Unknown
88
G. lamblia
Ventral sucking disk attaches to lining of duodenal wall
89
E. histolytica
Unknown
90
Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum)
Unknown
91
I. belli
Unknown
92
C. cayetanesis
Unknown
93
Microsporidia spp.
Unknown
94
T. vaginalis
Unknown
95
T. gondii
Unknown
96
N. fowleri
Unknown
97
T. brucei
Antigenic variation
98
Acanthamoeba
Unknown
99
P. vivax
- Metabolism of hemoglobin and lysis of infected cells
| - Agglutination of infected RBCs
100
P. ovale
- Metabolism of hemoglobin and lysis of infected cells
| - Agglutination of infected RBCs
101
P. malarie
- Metabolism of hemoglobin and lysis of infected cells
| - Agglutination of infected RBCs
102
P. falciparum
- Metabolism of hemoglobin and lysis of infected cells
| - Agglutination of infected RBCs
103
T. cruzi
Unknown
104
L. donovanii
Unknown
105
L. braziliensis
Unknown
106
Leishmania spp.
Unknown
107
B. microti
Unknown
108
E. vermicularis
Unknown
109
A. lumbricoides
Migration to lungs and physical intestinal obstruction
110
T. canis or cati
Wander aimlessly until they die
111
T. trichiura
Unknown
112
S. stercoralis
Unknown
113
T. spiralis
Unknown
114
A. braziliense and caninum
Unknown
115
N. americanus
Unknown
116
W. bancrofti
Unknown
117
B. malayi
Unknown
118
Loa Loa
Unknown
119
O. volvulus
Unknown
120
D. medinensis
Unknown
121
T. Solium
Autoinfection
122
T. saginata
Unknown
123
D. latum
Tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine
124
E. granulosus
Space occupying lesion and anaphylaxis when antigens released
125
E. multilocularis
Space occupying lesion and anaphylaxis when antigens released
126
S. mansoni and japonicum
Unknown
127
S. haematobium
Unknown
128
Non-human schistosomes
Unknown
129
C. sinensis
Unknown
130
F. hepatica
Unknown
131
F. buski
Unknown
132
P. westermani
Unknown
133
S. scabiei
Burrows in the stratum corneum in web spaces of hands and feet
134
P. humanus and P. pubis
Unknown
135
B19
Infects immature (cycling) erythroid proginator cells, resulting in cell lysis which is a problem in sickle cell anemia and can cause aplastic crisis
136
HPV
- Infects basal layer of skin and mucous membranes
- Hyperkeratosis
- E6 inhibits p53 and E7 inhibits Rb causing malignancy
137
BK
Unknown
138
JC
Unknown
139
Adenovirus
- Penton fibers act as hemagglutinin
- Purified penton fibers are toxic to cells
- Lytic in permissive cells and chronic or oncogenic in non-permissive cells (where virus is not produced but transformed)
140
HBV
Virion associated DNA polymerase with a reverse transcriptase activity
141
HSV-1 and HSV-2
Travels up the ganglion to establish lifelong latent infection
142
VZV
Latent in dorsal root ganglia
143
EBV
- Binds CD21 and acts as B-cell mitogen
| - Production of heterophile antibodies by infected B lymphocytes
144
CMV
- Infects salivary gland epithelial cells and establish a persistent infection in fibroblasts, epithelial cells and macrophages
- Latency in mononuclear cells
145
HHV-6
Replicates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
146
HHV-8
Has a gene that turns on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
147
Variola
Infects all dermal tissues and internal organs
148
Molluscum contagiosum
Replicates in dermis
149
Norwalk virus and Noro-like virus
Unknown
150
Hepatitis E virus
Unknown
151
Polio
Targets anterior horn motor neurons
152
Coxsackie A
Unknown
153
Coxsackie B
Unknown
154
Enterovirus 71
Unknown
155
Echoviruses
Unknown
156
Rhinoviruses
Unknown
157
HAV
Unknown
158
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE)
Unknown
159
West Nile encephalitis virus (WNV)
Unknown
160
Dengue virus
Unknown
161
Yellow fever virus (YFV)
Unknown
162
HCV
Unknown
163
Eastern, Western and Venazuelan equine encephalitis viruses (EEE, WEE, VEE)
Unknown
164
Rubella virus
Unknown
165
Coronavirus
Unknown
166
SARS-CoV
Unknown
167
Measles virus
- Ability to cause cell:cell fusion forming giant cells
| - Can escape immune detection
168
Mumps virus
Lytic infection of epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract and parotid gland and spread throughout body
169
Parainfluenza virus
Unknown
170
RSV
Unknown
171
Human metapneumovirus (MNV)
Unknown
172
Rabies virus
- Binding to peripheral nerves by binding to nicotinic Ach receptors or indirectly into the muscle
- Travels by retrograde axoplasmic transport
173
Ebola and Marburg viruses
Unknown
174
Influenza A virus
Antigenic drift and shift
175
Influenza B virus
Antigenic drift
176
California and LaCrosse encephalitis viruses
Unknown
177
Hantavirus
Unknown
178
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
Unknown
179
Lassa fever virus
Unknown
180
Reovirus
Unknown
181
Rotavirus
Unknown
182
Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)
Unknown
183
HIV
- p24, p7 p9, p17 (Gag)
- Reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease (Pol)
- gp120 and gp41 (Env)
- LTR(U3, U5) integration and viral gene expression
- Transactivator (Tat) upregulate transcription
- Regulatory protein that upregulates transport of unspliced and spliced transcripts to cell cytoplasm (Rev)
- Regulatory protein that decreases CD4 and MHC I expression on host cells and manipulate T-cell activation pathways (Nef)
184
HTLV-1
- C-type particle
| - CD4+ T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
185
HTLV-2
- C-type particle
| - Hairy cell leukemia
186
Hepatitis D virus
Unknown
187
Zika virus
Unknown
