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Organism(s)/Treatment(s) Flashcards

(187 cards)

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1
Q

S. aureus

A
  • Nafcillin, oxacillin, and dicloxacillin. also first generation cephalosporins (MSSA)
  • Vancomycin (MRSA).
  • Quinupristin/dalfopristin (VRSA)
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2
Q

S. epidermidis

A

Vancomycin

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3
Q

S. saprophyticus

A
  • TMP-SMX

- Fluoroquinolones

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4
Q

S. pneumoniae

A
  • Macrolides (Pneumonia)
  • Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime (meningitis). Vancomycin for resistant strains
  • Amoxicillin, erythromycin (otitis media and sinusitis)
  • Vaccination
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5
Q

S. mutans, S. mitis, and S. sanguis

A

Penicillin G with aminoglycosides for endocarditis

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6
Q

S. pyogenes

A
  • Beta-lactam drugs

- Macrolides

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7
Q

S. agalactiae

A
  • Ampicillin with an aminoglycoside

- Cephalosporins

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8
Q

S. bovis

A
  • Penicillin G

- Ceftriaxone

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9
Q

Enterococci (E. faecalis and E. faecium)

A
  • Ampicillin and aminoglycoside
  • Vancomycin
  • Linezolid or quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid) for VRE
  • Nitrofurantoin for VRE UTIs
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10
Q

B. anthracis

A
  • Ciprofloxacin

- Human vaccine only for at risk population

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11
Q

B. cereus

A

Self-limiting

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12
Q

C. tetani

A
  • Hyperimmune human globulin (TIG) to neutralize toxin plus metronidazole or penicillin (actual tetanus)
  • Spasmolytic drugs (diazepam), debride and delay closure
  • Vaccination
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13
Q

C. botulinum

A
  • Respiratory support
  • Usually no antibiotic required
  • Trivalent (A-B-E) antitoxin (Adult)
  • Hypperimmune human serum (Infant)
  • Amoxicillin and antitoxin with debridement and no closure (wound)
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14
Q

C. perfringens

A
  • Debridement, delay closure with clindamycin and penicillin, hyperbaric chamber (gangrene)
  • Self-limiting (food poisoning)
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15
Q

C. difficile

A
  • Discontinue antibiotic (mild)

- Metronidazole (severe). vancomycin just if no other drug available to avoid selecting for VR normal flora

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16
Q

C. diphtheriae

A
  • Erythromycin and antitoxin
  • Penicillin and aminoglycoside for 4-6 weeks (endocarditis)
  • Vaccination
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17
Q

L. monocytogenes

A

Ampicillin

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18
Q

Nocardia

A

TMP-SMX

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19
Q

Actinomyces

A

Penicillin

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20
Q

M. tuberculosis

A
  • First 2 months: isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol
  • Next 4 months: isoniazid and rifampin
  • Ethambutol and streptomycin added for possible drug resistant cases until susceptibility tests are back
  • Isoniazid for 9 months can prevent TB in persons with infection but no clinical symptoms
  • BCG vaccine (Not used in U.S.)
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21
Q

M. leprae

A
  • Dapsone and rifampin (tuberculoid)

- Clofazimine is added for lepromatous form

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22
Q

M. avium intracellulare

A

Macrolide plus ethambutol

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23
Q

M. kansasii

A

Macrolide plus ethambutol

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24
Q

M. scrofulaceum

A

Surgery

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25
M. marinum
- Isoniazid | - Rifampin or ethambutol
26
M. catarrhalis
- Amoxicillin + clavulanate - Second or third generation cephalosporin - TMP-SMX
27
P. mirabilis
- Fluoroquinolones - TMP-SMX - Third generation cephalosporin - Remove stones if present
28
P. vulgaris
- Fluoroquinolones - TMP-SMX - Third generation cephalosporin - Remove stones if present
29
N. gonorrhoeae
- Ceftriaxone - Test for C. trachomatis or treat with doxycycline - Silver nitrate or erythromycin eye ointment at birth - Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin and laparoscopy lysis of adhesions may be performed for refractory pain (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome)
30
N. meningitidis
- Ceftriaxone or penicillin G | - Rifampin, ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone (prophylaxis)
31
H. influenzae
- Amoxicillin +/- clavulanate (mucosal infections) - Ceftriaxone (meningitis) - Rifampin (prophylaxis)
32
H. ducreyi
Erythromycin
33
B. pertussis
- Supportive care - If less than 6 months old, hospitalization and erythromycin for 14 days including household contacts - Macrolides can also be given - Vaccination
34
L. pneumophila
Erythromycin
35
P. aeruginosa
- Aminoglycoside with antipseudomonal penicillin such as piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) or ticaricillin/sulbactam (Timentin) - Ciprofloxacin - Third/fourth generation cephalosporins ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and cefipime - Carbapenems
36
E. coli
- Fluoroquinolones or sulfonamides (UTIs) - Ceftriaxone (Neonatal septicemia/meningitis) - Fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporin - Rehydration, TMP-SMX (ETEC) - Beta-lactams (EPEC)
37
K. pneumoniae
- Third generation cephalosporin with or without aminoglycoside - Fluoroquinolones also can be used
38
C. jejuni
Supportive care
39
S. typhi
Fluoroquinolones or Third generation cephalosporins
40
S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium
- Self-limiting | - Ampicillin, Fluoroquinolones, Third generation cephalosporins, or TMP-SMX (Invasive disease)
41
S. paratyphi
Fluoroquinolones or Third generation cephalosporins
42
Shigella
- Supportive care | - Fluoroquinolones or TMP-SMX for severe cases
43
V. cholerae
- Fluid and electrolyte replacement | - Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin shorten the course and reduce carriage
44
V. parahemolyticus
Self-limiting
45
V. vulnificus
- Self-limiting | - Tetracycline or third generation cephalosporin (cellulitis)
46
Y. enterocolitica
- Supportive care | - Fluoroquinolones or Third generation cephalosporins (IC patients)
47
Y. pestis
- Aminoglycosides | - Killed vaccine (military)
48
H. pylori
- Omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin for 10-14 days | - PPI + bismuth + metronidazole + tetracycline
49
L. interrogans
- Penicillin G | - Doxycycline (prophylaxis)
50
B. burgdorferi
- Doxycycline, amoxicillin, or azithromycin/clarithromycin (primary) - Ceftriaxone (secondary) - Doxycycline or ceftriaxone for arthritis - Vaccination (OspA flagellar antigen) not used in U.S.
51
B. recurrentis
Penicillin or tetracycline
52
T. pallidum
- Benzathine penicillin for prophylaxis, primary and secondary syphilis - Penicillin G for congenital and late syphilis
53
B. henselae
- Azithromycin | - Doxycycline
54
P. multocida
Amoxicillin/clavulanate for Rx and prophylaxis of most bites (human included) along with thorough cleaning
55
G. vaginalis
Metronidazole or clindamycin
56
E. corrodens
- Third generation cephalosporin | - Fluoroquinolones
57
C. canimorsus
- Third generation cephalosporin | - Fluoroquinolones
58
HACEK group infections
- Third generation cephalosporin | - Fluoroquinolones
59
B. fragilis
- Surgical drainage of abscesses | - Metronidazole, clindamycin or cefoxitin
60
F. tularensis
Streptomycin
61
Brucella spp.
- Adults: rifampin and doxycycline for 6 weeks | - Children: rifampin and cotrimoxazole
62
R. rickettsii
Doxycycline
63
R. akari
Doxycycline
64
R. prowazekii
Doxycycline
65
R. typhi
Doxycycline
66
O. tsutsugamushi
Doxycycline
67
C. burnetii
Doxycycline
68
E. chafeensis
Doxycycline
69
E. phagocytophila
Doxycycline
70
Anaplasma spp.
Doxycycline
71
C. trachomatis
Doxycycline or azithromycin
72
C. pneumoniae
Macrolides and tetracycline
73
C. psittaci
Doxycycline
74
M. pneumoniae
Erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin
75
U. urealyticum
Erythromycin or tetracycline
76
H. capsulatum
- Fluconazole or itraconazole (mild or local) | - Amphotericin B (severe or systemic)
77
C. immitis
- Fluconazole or itraconazole (mild or local) | - Amphotericin B (severe or systemic)
78
B. dermatitidis
- Fluconazole or itraconazole (mild or local) | - Amphotericin B (severe or systemic)
79
A. fumigatus
- Voriconazole (invasive and aspergilloma) | - Glucocorticoid + itraconazole (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
80
C. albicans
- Topical or oral imidazoles or nystatin (local) | - Amphotericin B or fluconazole (disseminated)
81
C. neoformans
Amphotericin B + flucytocine until afebrile and culture -ve (minimum of 10 weeks) then fluconazole
82
Mucor, Rhizopus and Absidia
Debridement of necrotic tissues and rapidly start amphotericin B
83
P. jirovecii
- TMP-SMX for mild | - Dapsone for moderate to severe
84
M. furfur
Topical selenium sulfide
85
Dermatophytes
- Topical imidazoles or tolnaftate - Oral imidazoles or griseofulvin where hairs are infected or skin contact hurts - Keep areas dry
86
S. schenckii
Itraconazole or amphotericin B
87
Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Fluconazole or itraconazole (mild or local) | - Amphotericin B (severe or systemic)
88
G. lamblia
Metronidazole
89
E. histolytica
- Metronidazole | - Iodoquinol for asymptomatic cyst passers
90
Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum)
- Self-limiting | - Nitazoxanide (IC patients)
91
I. belli
- TMP-SMX | - Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine
92
C. cayetanesis
Trimethoprim
93
Microsporidia spp.
None proven to be effective
94
T. vaginalis
Metronidazole
95
T. gondii
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
96
N. fowleri
Amphotericin B (rarely successful)
97
T. brucei
- Suramin | - Melarsoprol for CNS
98
Acanthamoeba
- Topical miconazole and propamidine isethionate (keratitis) | - Ketoconazole or sulfamethazine (granulomatous amebic encephalitis) which is rarely successful
99
P. vivax
Chloroquine PO4 then primaquine
100
P. ovale
Chloroquine PO4 then primaquine
101
P. malarie
Chloroquine PO4
102
P. falciparum
- Chloroquine PO4 - Mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil (in resistant cases) - Quinine sulfate + pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (in resistant cases) - Quinidine or artesunate (in life-threatening)
103
T. cruzi
Benznidazole or nifurtimox
104
L. donovanii
Stibogluconate sodium or Amphotericin B
105
L. braziliensis
Stibogluconate sodium or Amphotericin B
106
Leishmania spp.
Stibogluconate sodium or Amphotericin B
107
B. microti
- Atovaquone + azithromycin | - Clindamycin + quinine
108
E. vermicularis
- Pyrantel or mebendazole | - Treat entire family with albendazole
109
A. lumbricoides
- Supportive therapy during pneumonitis - Surgery for ectopic migrations - Mebendazole
110
T. canis or cati
- Self-limiting in most cases | - Mebendazole or albendazole
111
T. trichiura
Albendazole
112
S. stercoralis
Thiabendazole or ivermectine
113
T. spiralis
Steroids for severe symptoms + mebendazole or albendazole
114
A. braziliense and caninum
- Thiabendazole - Pyrantel pamoate - Topical corticosteroids
115
N. americanus
Mebendazole and iron therapy (albendazole)
116
W. bancrofti
- Surgery | - Ivermectine and diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
117
B. malayi
- Surgery | - Ivermectine and diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
118
Loa Loa
- Surgery | - Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
119
O. volvulus
- Surgery | - Ivermectine and diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
120
D. medinensis
- Slow cautious removal of worms with stick | - Albendazole
121
T. Solium
- Praziquantel | - Surgery in some sites
122
T. saginata
Praziquantel
123
D. latum
Praziquantel
124
E. granulosus
- Surgery | - Albendazole
125
E. multilocularis
Surgical resection
126
S. mansoni and japonicum
Praziquantel
127
S. haematobium
Praziquantel
128
Non-human schistosomes
- Trimeprazine - Calamine - Sedatives
129
C. sinensis
Praziquantel
130
F. hepatica
Praziquantel
131
F. buski
Praziquantel
132
P. westermani
Praziquantel
133
S. scabiei
- Permethrin cream - Washing/drying all clothing/bedding - Treat close contacts
134
P. humanus and P. pubis
- Pyrethroids, malathion, or ivermectin lotion | - Nit combing
135
B19
Supportive care
136
HPV
- Cryotherapy, electrocautery, or chemical means (salicylic acid) - Imiquimod (induces proinflammatory cytokines), interferon-alpha, and virus specific cidofovir - Vaccination
137
BK
Supportive care
138
JC
Supportive care
139
Adenovirus
- Supportive care | - Vaccination
140
HBV
- INF-alpha - Adefovir - Tenofovir - Lamivudine - Vaccination - Anti-HBsAg Ig
141
HSV-1 and HSV-2
- Acyclovir | - Famciclovir, valacyclovir, and penciclovir (if acyclovir resistant)
142
VZV
- Oral acyclovir - IV acyclovir (IC patients) - Vaccination - VZIG for post-exposure prophylaxis of IC
143
EBV
Supportive care
144
CMV
- Supportive care | - Ganciclovir/foscarnet +/- human Ig (IC patients)
145
HHV-6
Supportive care
146
HHV-8
None
147
Variola
Supportive care
148
Molluscum contagiosum
- Self-limiting | - Ritonavir or cidofovir (IC patients)
149
Norwalk virus and Noro-like virus
Self-limiting
150
Hepatitis E virus
None
151
Polio
Vaccination
152
Coxsackie A
None
153
Coxsackie B
None
154
Enterovirus 71
None
155
Echoviruses
None
156
Rhinoviruses
None
157
HAV
Vaccination and hyperimmune serum
158
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE)
None
159
West Nile encephalitis virus (WNV)
None
160
Dengue virus
None
161
Yellow fever virus (YFV)
Vaccination
162
HCV
- Supportive care | - INF-alpha + ribavirin
163
Eastern, Western and Venazuelan equine encephalitis viruses (EEE, WEE, VEE)
Vaccination for EEE and WEE
164
Rubella virus
Vaccination
165
Coronavirus
Supportive care
166
SARS-CoV
- Supportive care | - Ribavirin and INF are promising
167
Measles virus
- Supportive care - Ribavirin - Vaccination
168
Mumps virus
- Supportive care | - Vaccination
169
Parainfluenza virus
Supportive care
170
RSV
- Ribavirin and anti-RSV Abs | - Palivizumab
171
Human metapneumovirus (MNV)
Supportive care
172
Rabies virus
- If symptoms are evident: none - If suspect post-exposure prophylaxis * One dose of human rabies immunoglobulin (hRIG) * Five doses of rabies vaccine (day of, 3, 7, 14, 28) - Vaccination
173
Ebola and Marburg viruses
- Supportive care | - Quarantine
174
Influenza A virus
- Amantadine/rimantadine - Zanamivir/oseltamivir - Vaccination
175
Influenza B virus
- Amantadine/rimantadine - Zanamivir/oseltamivir - Vaccination
176
California and LaCrosse encephalitis viruses
Serology
177
Hantavirus
RT-PCR
178
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
- Supportive care | - Ribavirin
179
Lassa fever virus
- Supportive care | - Ribavirin
180
Reovirus
Self-limiting
181
Rotavirus
Vaccination
182
Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)
Supportive care
183
HIV
- RT inhibitors - Nucleoside or non-nucleoside analogs - Protease inhibitors - Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) which includes 2 nucleoside analogs and 1 protease inhibitor - Fusion inhibitors (Fuzeon, enfuvirtide) - CCR5 co-receptor antagonist (Maraviroc) - Integrase inhibitor (Raltegravir)
184
HTLV-1
None
185
HTLV-2
None
186
Hepatitis D virus
None
187
Zika virus
Supportive care

Microbiology (8 decks)

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