generic

Question 1

what kind of immune response is tuleremia

Answer 1

granulomatous. type IV HSR

Question 2

where is tuleremia most often to occur

Answer 2

okalahoma, arkansas, missouri.

Question 3

how is tuleremia acquired

Answer 3

through tick bite or handling of animal carcasses

Question 4

what is the presentation of progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Answer 4

aphasia, hemiparesis, cortical blindness, ataxia. cognitive deterioration, widespread areas of T2 signal. diffuse slowing of the white matter. abnormal giant olgiodendrocytes with eosinophilic inclusions.

Question 5

how does rabies present

Answer 5

eosinophilic inclusions in the grey matter. signs are salivation, hallucinations, hydrophobia.

Question 6

what is the presentation of subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis

Answer 6

previous measles. effects gray and white matter. usually occurs before the age of 18

Question 7

what does pseudomonas look like on blood agar

Answer 7

colorless colonies.

Question 8

what is the exotoxin that pseudomonas produces

Answer 8

Exotoxin A. this ribosylates eEF2.

Question 9

what is a rare consequence of lyme

Answer 9

heart block.

Question 10

what organisms cause athletes foot

Answer 10

trichophyton, microsporidium, epidermophyton

Question 11

what is the significance of spherules

Answer 11

yeast forms characteristic of coccidiodes immitis. think san joaquin valley fever

Question 12

guarnieri bodies

Answer 12

cytoplsamic inclusions of small pox.

Question 13

what viral family causes syncytia

Answer 13

paramyxo and herpesvirdae. measles

Question 14

clonorchis sinesis

Answer 14

oriental liver fluke. causes hemolysis and can eventually cause pigment stones.

Question 15

how is clonorchis sinesis contracted

Answer 15

through water that contains infected snails. we can eat fish containing the micronidia or through direct infection. they colonize the liver.

Question 16

what is the presentation of rocky mountain spotted fever

Answer 16

fever, maculopapular rash that begins in the hands and feet and moves centripitally to the trunk. shares the same vector as tuleremia

Question 17

best clues for paracoccidoides

Answer 17

latin america and multiply-budding yeast

Question 18

what are the most common causes of otitis media

Answer 18

strep. pneumoniae, h flu, morexella catarrhalis

Question 19

Naegleri fowleri

Answer 19

ameba that lives in fresh water lakes. the act of diving forces the ameba into the cribiform plate and gives people meningioencephalitis. there is a loss of the sense of smell from damage to the ol factory bulbs

Question 20

lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 20

caused by chlamydia trachomatis. forms large abscessed lymph nodes called buboes.

Question 21

what is the histological appearance of a buboe

Answer 21

stellate abscess.

Question 22

what is granuloma inguinale

Answer 22

caused by klebsiella granulomatis painless genital ulcers that develop into red granulatomatous ulcers that bleed easily. formation of pseudobuboes are the result of subcutaneous spread of granuloma

Question 23

cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 23

multiplies intracellularly within the brush border of the intestine causing severe diarrhea and fluid loss in the immunocompromised.

Question 24

how do we identify cryptosporidium

Answer 24

acid fast staining of the oocysts.

Question 25

chronic infection that causes polyarthritis, petechial rash, tenderness of the tendon sheaths.

Answer 25

neisseria gonnhorea arthritis.

Question 26

why is neisseria gonnorhea arthritis chronicq

Answer 26

because of antigenic and phase variation of its pili

Question 27

what other signs of neisseria gonnorhea arthritis are there

Answer 27

high leukocyte in the joint spaces. there are signs of an endotoxin rash.

Question 28

what is the presentation of parvovirus in adults

Answer 28

swollen, red joints. arthalgias. symmetrical distribution is similar to RA. 3-4 post exposure to B19.

Question 29

what area of the spinal cord is effected by polio virus

Answer 29

anterior horns

Question 30

what aspect of the column is affected by tabes dorsalis

Answer 30

dorsal columns and dorsal roots. demylination. there is loss of pain sensation, peripheral reflexes and impairment of vibration and position. progressive sensory ataxia.

Question 31

what is the hallmark of tertiary syphilis

Answer 31

there are gummas, neuro, argyl-robertson pupil, tabes dorsalis,

Question 32

how to test for candida

Answer 32

germ-tube test

Question 33

what does candida look like

Answer 33

short-germinating, nonseptate true hyphae.

Question 34

how does it present in women

Answer 34

white, cottage cheese-like discharge from the vagina. vaginal itching.

Question 35

how does sporotrix present

Answer 35

rosettes of micronidia. get it from picking roses.

Question 36

macronidia

Answer 36

environmental form of histoplasma

Question 37

how does histoplasmosis present

Answer 37

central america (ohio, mississippi) fever, chest pain, dry cough. calcified masses within the lung.

Question 38

histoplasma

Answer 38

has no cell wall. (similar to mycoplasma), intracellular yeast.

Question 39

what do we usually attribute campylobacter to

Answer 39

poultry products

Question 40

what does parvo B19 cause to a fetus

Answer 40

non-immune mediated hydrops fetalis. it causes hemolytic anemia, making the heart overwork and the fetus dies of high output heart failure

Question 41

diabetic foot ulcer black necrotic center

Answer 41

pseudomonas

Question 42

RSV life cycle

Answer 42

negative sense so it uses virally associated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Question 43

how can we test for pneumocystis

Answer 43

it will be an extrecellular atypical fungus that stains with methenamine

Question 44

what genes are more likely to be transferred closer to OriT or closer to tra

Answer 44

oriT

Question 45

staph epidermidis

Answer 45

gram (+), coagulase (-), catalase (+). forms biofilms.

Question 46

what is the preferred test for cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 46

latex particle agglutination. india ink is always used for the CSF, but its not the best...

Question 47

what is a community acquired causes of lobar cavitation

Answer 47

klebsiella pneumonia

Question 48

yellow-green discharge, spotty redening of the cervix

Answer 48

trichomonas. the strawberry cervical mucosa should give it away

Question 49

what does cholera grow on

Answer 49

alkaline media