quiz 6

Question 1

how do we diagnose listeria

Answer 1

culture, gram stain

Question 2

what diseases does listeria cause

Answer 2

meningitis in pregnant, granulomatous infantiseptica, spontaneous abortion. outbreaks are uncommon

Question 3

how does leprosy infect

Answer 3

PGL-1 macros and peripheral nerves (schwann cells). respiratory route

Question 4

what temperature does leprosy grow

Answer 4

colder than body.

Question 5

what is the immune reaction in tuberculoid leprosyu

Answer 5

Th1. mainly T cell. this has the ability to spontaneously remit. there are only little bacteria found.

Question 6

mycobacter cell wall

Answer 6

mycolic acid, peptidoglycan, waxy and impermeable to antibiotics.

Question 7

is TB prevalent

Answer 7

yes 33% of the worlds population

Question 8

how many people does the average infected person infect

Answer 8

20

Question 9

is antibiotic resistance a problem with TB

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

how long to culture TB and on what media

Answer 10

2-4 weeks on lowenstein-jensin media

Question 11

parvovirus genome

Answer 11

ssDNA

Question 12

what is the cellular receptor for parvovirus

Answer 12

blood antigen P. found mainly in the bone marrow. infects presursor

Question 13

what family does rubella belong

Answer 13

togavirdae

Question 14

what is the periodicity of parvovirus infection

Answer 14

there are outbreaks about every five years. although there are some infected every year.

Question 15

how is parvovirus spread

Answer 15

blood transfusion, pregnancy, respiratory droplets.

Question 16

do the paramyoviruses have segmented genomes

Answer 16

no. the orthomyxoviruses do

Question 17

RSV occurs when

Answer 17

in the winter

Question 18

what is RSV and what is it related to

Answer 18

paramyxovirus. related to metapneumovirus

Question 19

where is the hypervariable region for RSV

Answer 19

in the G protein. this accounts for reinfection

Question 20

what are some therapies for RSV

Answer 20

supportive, patent airway, nebulized ribaviron, palivizumab.

Question 21

rickettsia

Answer 21

intracellular pathogen. small genome. gram negative.

Question 22

how are rickettsia spread

Answer 22

through arthropod vectors. maintained in the environment by animals

Question 23

what does rickettsia infect

Answer 23

endothelial cells

Question 24

what is the hallmark of scabies

Answer 24

interdigitary burrows

Question 25

what is the treatment for bartonella henselae cat scratch fever

Answer 25

self limiting

Question 26

how is scabies transmitted

Answer 26

by transfer of eggs, larvae or mites to the host skin

Question 27

what is scabies

Answer 27

it is a mite that burrows in the skin sercopti scabieai

Question 28

is scabies common

Answer 28

one of the three most common skin infections of children

Question 29

what is the best way to diagnose salmonella typhi

Answer 29

culture of the bone marrow

Question 30

what is used for the treatment of salmonella typhi

Answer 30

cetriaxone, azithromycin. vaccination!

Question 31

does schistosomiasis form granuloma

Answer 31

yes. around eggs

Question 32

what immune response is responsible for the granulomas of schistosomiasis. how do they heal

Answer 32

eosinophilic, INF and TNF responses. typically with fibrosis

Question 33

what are the clinical features of schistosomiasis

Answer 33

skin itch after water, katayama syndrome with dry cough and changes on chest x, nonspecific malaise and tiredness, blood in urine

Question 34

characteristics of s pneumo

Answer 34

bullet shaped, capsule, optochin sensitive, alpha hemolytic, resistant to penicillin. does not produce coagulase.

Question 35

what is the most important virulence factor of s penumo

Answer 35

caspule

Question 36

discuss the capsule of s penumo

Answer 36

antigenically diverse, anti-phagocytic, immunogenic in children over 2yrs of age.

Question 37

techoic acid

Answer 37

present in all gram + cell walls.

Question 38

lipotechoic acid

Answer 38

also present in all gram + cell walls

Question 39

DOC for strep throat, why treat

Answer 39

penicillin. to avoid rheumatic fever

Question 40

what are people with rheumatic fever required to do

Answer 40

prophylax antibiotic

Question 41

is toxoplasmosis gondii intracellular

Answer 41

yes.

Question 42

what is the definitive host for toxo

Answer 42

cat

Question 43

rapidly dividing toxo

Answer 43

tachyzoite this is the extracellular stage

Question 44

how do we acquire infection

Answer 44

through ingestion of occyst in soil. water ingestion as well.

Question 45

how can we prevent the transmission of toxo

Answer 45

through heating and freeze-thawing meats.

Question 46

how is trapanosome transmitted

Answer 46

tsetse fly

Question 47

how to prevent trapanosome

Answer 47

coregated roofs instead of thatched, limits triemtorine bug population. insectacide treated traps for tsetse flies. screening blood products

Question 48

what is the treatment for aspergillus

Answer 48

amphotericin B and vorcionazole