Genetics 2

Question 1

Phenotype/Genotype

Answer 1

P: Trait shown
ex) Purple Petals
G: Alleles that are present
ex) Pp

Question 2

Homozygotes/Heterozygote

Answer 2

Homo: Both alleles are the same
Hetero: Alleles are different

Question 3

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 3

The phenotype of the heterozygote genotype is a mixture of the phenotype of the homozygote, instead of just showing the dominant phenotype

Question 4

Co-dominance

Answer 4

2+ dominant alleles
Heterozygote is different from the homozygotes (not intermediate)
ex) Human blood types

Question 5

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 5

The additive effects of 2+ genes on one aspect of phenotype

ex) Human eye colour - 16 genes involved

Question 6

Pleiotropy

Answer 6

One gene that influence multiple phenotypes

Question 7

Epistasis

Answer 7

When 1 gene alters the effects of another gene

Question 8

Autosomes

Answer 8

Non-sex chromosomes

In mammals: all chromosomes except X and Y

Question 9

Mutations

Answer 9

Changes in genes, usually though copying errors

Question 10

Point Mutations

Answer 10

Nucleotide change
Silent: new codon produces same amino acid
Missense: new amino acid
Nonsense: creates stop codon